X' 


i:^  Ui  ^3  ^:a.  ^:^  i:a. '=^2^ 

OF   THE 
AT 

PRINCETON,   N.  J. 
SAMUEL   AGNE^V, 


OF     PHILAPELPHIA,     PA. 


'UZ. 


q4^o. 


?h/CiAyc^  :2^<J'r^.  -/^^^ 


Shelf. 
Book, 

^  s<^^©  e<^^*G  c^^ii-'i . 


Dfvi'si  on. 

Section. 


f 


C 


/^yy 


\\ 


I 


JESUS  CHRIST,  AND  HIM  CRUCIFIED: 


A  VIEW 


TRINITY,  THE  DIVINITY  OF  CHRIST, 


THE  ATONEMENT, 


CHARACTER  AND  INFLUENCES  OF  THE  HOLY  SPIRIT; 

TOGETHER  WITH 

References  to  the  great  body  of  texts  used  -hy  Magee, 
Simpsony  and  Jones, 


BY  THE 


Rev.  BENJAlVilN  ALLEN, 

Hector  of  Si.  Paul's  Church,  Philadelphia. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

JAMES  CRISSr,  KO.  177,  CHES5UT  STBEZT. 


llaatem  Distnct  of  Pennsylvania^  to  wt: 

BE  IT  REMEMBERED,  (hat  on  the  eleventh  day  of  December, 
in  the  forty-seventh  year  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  A.  D.  1822,  James  Crissy  of  the  said  district,  hath 
deposited  in  this  office  the  title  of  a  Book,  the  right  whereof  he 
claims  as  proprietor,  in  the  words  following,  to  wit: 

«*  Jesus  Christ,  and  Him  Crucified:  being  a  view  of  the  Trini- 
"ty,  the  Divinity  of  Christ,  the  atonement,  and  the  character 
«*  and  influences  of  the  Holy  Spirit;  together  with  references  to 
"  the  great  body  of  texts  used  by  Magee,  Simpson,  and  Jones, 
»'  by  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Allen,  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Church, 
*<  Philadelphia." 

In  conformity  to  the  act  of  Congress  of  the  United  States,  in- 
tituled, *•  An  act  for  Ihe  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing 
the  copies  of  Maps,  Charts  and  Books  to  the  authors  and  proprie- 
tors of  such  copies,  during  the  times  therein  mentioned:"  and  also 
to  the  act,  enliiled,  "An  act  supplementary  to  an  act,  entitled  "An 
act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing  the  copies  of 
Maps,  Charts  and  Books  to  the  authors  and  proprietors  of  such 
copies  during  the  times  therein  mentioned,"  and  extenfling  the 
benefits  thereofto  the  arts  of  designing,  engraving,  and  etching 
historical  and  other  prints." 

D.CALDWELL, 
Clerk  of  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 


This  tract — for  it  is  no  more — is  not  design- 
ed for  those  who  have  leisure  and  ability  to 
search  larger  volumes.  It  is  merely  intended 
as  an  aid  to  the  humble  believer,  who  wishes 
to  know  what  are  the  plain  words  of  the  Bible 
concerning  Him  in  whom  it  is  his  delight  to 
trust. 

Men  of  study  may  find  the  references,  which 
are  subjoined,  convenient,  inasmuch  as  they 
point  out  nearly  all  the  texts  used  by  Magee, 
Simpson,  Jones,  and  others,  in  discussing  the 
essential  truths  treated  of  in  this  little  manual. 

May  the  Spirit  of  the  Most  High  descend 
upon  all  who  read. 

Philad.  Dec.  1822. 


#: 


JESUS  CHRIST,  AND  HIM  CRUCIFED. 


I. 


JVay,   but,  0  man,  who  art  thou  that  repliest  against 
Gorf?— Rom.  ix.  20. 

There  is  a  disposition  in  man  to  cavil  at 
every  thing  that  opposes  his  darling  lusts; 
hence  the  diificulty  in  receiving  the  doctrine  of 
the  Trinity.  Those  who  believe  that  God  was 
incarnate  as  an  atonement  for  sin,  must  believe 
that  sin  is  awfully  malignant  in  its  nature,  and, 
by  consequence,  that  they  themselves  are  ut- 
terly vile:  those  who  believe  it  necessary  that 
Gt»d,  as  a  Spirit,  should  renew  our  natures, 
must  believe  that  they  are  altogether  depraved: 
and  there  are  no  two  points  of  belief  more 
humbling  to  the  pride  of  the  heart,  or  more  op- 
posed to  the  indulgence  of  transgression.  It  is, 
therefore,  not  at  all  surprising  that  some,  rather 
than  bow  themselves  in  the  dust,  with  the  pa- 
triarch Job  and  the  prophet  Daniel,  rise  up  in 
their  loftiness,  and  deny  the  Divinity  of  the  Re- 
deemer and  the  Sanctifier. 

They  do  not  reject  the  doctrine  of  the  Trini- 
ty because  it  is  mysterious,  for  whatever  is 
not  disagreeable  to  their  carnal  speculations 
they  cheerfully  receive: — aS;  for  instance,  the 


6 

connexion  between  the  human  body  and  the 
human  soul; — it  is  utterly  inexplicable — they 
cannot  comprehend  it,  yet  they  receive  it:  they 
do  not  know  what  gravitation  is,  though  they 
believe  in  it: — they  can  not  find  out  the  seat  of 
thought,  though  they  are  sure  of  its  existence, 
A  blade  of  grass  will  puzzle  them  despite  all 
their  philosophy.  And,  indeed,  they  receive 
mnny  things  far  more  difficult  of  comprehension 
than  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  A  perfect 
Unity  is,  itself,  more  incomprehensible,  than  a 
Trinity  of  persons  in  a  Unity  of  essence. 

In  the  first  verse  of  the  first  chapter  of  the 
book  of  Genesis,  we  meet  with  the  first  intima- 
tion of  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  The  word 
translated  God,  is,  in  the  original,  in  the  plural 
number;  and  this  in  a  language  which  has  a 
distinct  number  to  express  two:  so  that  it  indi- 
cates a  plurality  of,  at  least,  more  than  two. 
And,  throughout  the  old  Testament,  we  discover 
this  peculiarity:  the  name  of  Deity  expressed 
by  a  plural  noun,  as  if  to  indicate  there  are 
more  than  two  persons  existing  in  thi  Godhead, 
arid  this  plural  noun  joined  to  a  verb  in  the 
singular,  as  if  teaching  that  these  persons  are, 
nevertheless,  a  unity.  The  Jews  say,  **  Come 
and  see  the  mystery  of  the  word  Elohim.  There 
are  three  degrees,  and  each  degree  hy  itself 
alone,  and  ^et,  notwithstanding,  they  are  ail 


one,  and  joined  together  in  one,  and  are  not  di- 
vided from  each  other."  Five  hundred  times 
does  Moses  use  a  plural  name  for  God.  The 
name  by  which  he  describes  the  Most  High, 
may,  with  propriety,  be  translated,  ♦  the  persons 
to  be  adored.' 

In  the  account  of  the  creation  of  onr  race,  it 
is  said,  ^'  Let  us  make  man  in  our  image;"* 
and,  where  the  Almighty  speaks  of  the  apos- 
tacy,  He  usest  he  expression,  ^^  man  is  become 
as  one  of  us;"t  and  yet  again,  when  the  build- 
ers of  Babel  ar  described  in  their  rebellion, — 
^'  Let  us  go  down;"J  and,  once  more,  in  Isaiah, 
Jehovah  says^  "  Whom  shall  I  send,  and  who 
will  go  for  us.  "II 

That  God  is  one,  we  are  well  assured.  His 
works  are  one.  Independence  is  essential  to  His 
Divinity.  Scripture  says,  *'  The  Lord  our  God 
is  one  Lord."§  One  name,  Jehovah,  is  applied 
to  all  the  persons.  These  persons  are  repre- 
sented as  having  the  same  attributes,  the  same 
council  or  will,  and  as  concurring  in  the  same 
acts.  But  we  are  also  assured,  that,  in  this  one- 
ness, there  is  a  distinction,  whicii,  for  the  want 
of  better  phraseology,  we  denominate  a  distinc- 
tion of  persons. 

Moreover,  we  are  taught  by  the  same  divine 
witness*,  that  the  plurality  existing  in  the  God- 
head, amouiiis  to  a  Trinity. 

*Gen.  i.;-6.    tGen.  iii.  22.    ♦  Gen.  si.  7.     f|  Isaiah  vi.  8, 
§  Deut.  VI.  4. 


8 

In  the  account  we  have  of  the  creation,  three 
are  represented  as  engaged.  Thus,  it  is  said, 
*'  The  spirit  of  God  moved  upon  the  face  of  the 
waters."*  Here  are  the  Spirit,  and  God,  from 
whom  He  proceeds: — in  the  New  Testament, 
we  are  told,  ''  without'^  the  Word  *'  was 
"  not  any  thing  made  that  was  madef  f  and, 
again,  '^  by  Him,"  Christ,  "  were  all  things  ere- 
ated.^'J  David  also  says,  ''  By  the  word  of  the 
Lord  were  the  heavens  made,  and  all  the  host 
of  them  by  the  breath,"  or  spirit,  "of  his 
inouth."|| 

In  proclaiming  himself  to  Moses,  the  Most 
High  thrice  repeated,  thus,  "  Jehovah,  Jeho- 
vah, God;"§  or,  as  we  translate  it,  the  Lord, 
the  Lord  God. 

In  the  blessing  of  the  High  Priest,  we  have 
the  repetition  of  the  incommunicable  name 
thrice — "  The  Lord  bless  thee,  and  keep  thee: 
the  Lord  make  his  face  to  shine  upon  thee, 
and  be  gracious  unto  thee:  the  Lord  lift  up 
his  countenance  upon  thee,  and  give  thee 
pcace."5J  On  this  blessing  the  Jews  were  in  the 
habit  of  remarking,  "  repeating  Jehovah  three 
times,  teaches  these  names  of  the  blessed  God 
are  three  powers,  and  every  distinct  power  is 
like  to  each  other,  and  hath  the  same  name  in 
it." 

We  are  bound  to  believe  that  the  doctrine  of 

♦  Gen.  i.  2     f  John,  i.  3.    +  Col.  i.  16.     0  Psalms,  a;xxiii.^6. 
§  Exodus,  ixxiv.  6.    %  Numbers,  vi,  24—26. 


a  Trinity  in  Unity  was  thus  early  revealed,  or 
we  envelo[)  ourselves  in  a  diflBculty  from  which 
tliere  is  no  way  of  escape.  It  is  a  fact,  that 
the  doctrine  is  interwoven  in  all  the  ancient 
systems  of  philosophy,  and  in  all  the  ancient 
superstitions  of  the  world.  Now,  how  came  it 
to  be  thus  received,  **  always,  every  where,  and 
by  all," unless  it  were  revealed?  Human  rfasoii 
did  not  find  it  out.  Self  interest  did  not  dis- 
cover it.  God  must  have  set  it  forth  from  the 
earliest  times. 

The  doctrine  of  the  three  principles,  each 
equal  to  the  other,  all  equally  eternal,  and  all 
of  them  uniting  in  one  undivided  essence,  may 
be  traced  back  from  Plato  to  the  Pythagoreans; 
from  them  to  the  earliest  of  the  Grecians;  from 
them  to  the  Egyptian  priests;  so  that,  along 
with  learning,  it  came  from  Egypt  to  Greece. 
The  doctrine  is  found  also  in  the  Persian  and 
Chaldean  theology;  and  vestiges  of  the  wor- 
ship of  a  Trinity  were  discoverable  in  the  Ro- 
mans, who  received  it  from  the  Trojans,  who 
brought  it  from  Phrygia  We  can  trace  it  to 
the  fathers  of  learning,  and  we  can  trace  it  to 
the  neighbourhood  of  where  Noah's  family  set- 
tled.* The  Platonists  declared  it  was  revealed 
by  the  gods.  Zoroaster  says,  "in  the  whole 
world  there  shines  a  Trinity,  of  which  a  Unity 
is  the  head.''  Some  of  the  philosophers  used 

•  See  Horsley's  tracts. 


0'f 


10 

the  very  term  Trias  or  Trinity;  they  spoke  of 
the  three  persons,  and  declared  that  they  were 
united  in  the  Divine  essence.  A  multitude  of 
facts  might  be  adduced  to  show  that  the  doctrine 
is  shadowed  forth  by  all  the  prominent  systems 
of  heathenism.*  Even  to  this  day  it  is  shadow- 
ed forth  by  those  systems.  So  that,  the  reason- 
ing philotophers,  and  the  superstitious  idolaters, 
combined  in  believing  it.  We  are  now  led  to 
only  one  conclusion;  the  same  that  we  form 
from  the  universality  of  sacrifice,  viz:  that  it 
was  revealed:  no  wit  of  man  could  have  invent- 
ed it;  and,  if  even  that  were  possible,  no  wit  of 
man  could  have  made  it  universal. 

But  we  have  something  fuller,  more  explicit, 
and  more  abundantly  satisfiictory,  than  all  these 
things,  to  teach  us. 

I  might  give  you  many  passages  from  the 
Psalms,  and  from  Isaiah,  and  several  other  of 
the  inspired  writers  of  the  Old  Testament.!  I 
might  prove  to  you,  that,  at  the  very  time  the 
Messiah  appeared,  the  Jews  believed  in  the 
doctrine  of  the  Trinity.  But  we  have  an  over- 
whelming weight  of  evidence  in  the  Mew  Tes- 
tament, and  on  that  we  may  cheerfully  rest. 

John  the  Baptist  taught  the  doctrine,  when 
he  said,  "God  is  able  of  these  stones  to  raise 

♦Those  desirous  of  seeing  these  facts  stated,  are  referred  to 
Dwight's  Theology — Sermons  on  the  Trinity, 
f  See  reference. 


11 

up  children  unto  Abraham. — I  indeed  baptize 
you  with  water  unto  repentance:  but  be  that 
Cometh  after  me  is  mightier  than  I,  whose  shoes 
I  am  not  worthy  to  bear:  he  shall  baptize  you 
with  the  Holy  Ghost  and  w  ith  fire."*  Here  he. 
speaks  of  ''  God"  the  Father,  "  able  of  these 
stones  to  raise  up  children  unto  Abraham;"  of 
Christ  ^'  mightier  than"  himself;  and  of  ^'  the 
Holy  Ghost,"  with  which  Christ  should  '^  bap- 
tize." 

At  the  baptism  of  Jesus,  the  three  persons 
were  manifest.  The  Holy  Ghost  resting  like  a 
dove;  the  Father  speaking  from  heaven,  and 
saying,  "This  is  my  beloved  Son;'*t  and  the 
Bon  himself,  attested  of  the  Father,  and  receiv- 
ing  the  Holy  Ghost. 

When  Christ  commissioned  His  disciples  to 
baptize,  it  was  "  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and 
of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost:"f  a  per- 
fect equality,  and  a  perfect  unity. 

To  his  disciples  Christ  promised  to  send  the 
Comforter  from  the  Father;  and  He  told  them, 
"When  the  Comforter  is  come,  whom  I  will 
send  unto  you  from  the  Kather,  even  the  Spirit 
of  truth,  which  proceedeth  from  the  Father,  he 
shall  testify  of  me."||  Again,  as  if,  while  pub- 
lishing the  distinction  of  persons,  at  the  same 
time,  declaring  the  unity  of  essence,   Christ 

•  Matt,  ill.  9, 11.    f  Matt.  iii.  16, 17.    +  Mat.  xxvUi.  19. 
0  John  XV,  26. 


12 

speaks  of  ^'  The  Comforter,  wliich  is  the  Holy 
Ghost,  whom  the  Father  will  send  in  my 
name:"*  The  Comforter  to  he  sent  equally  hy 
Him  and  hyth»  Father;  and  the  Comfortei-,  not 
only  iocomp  in  His  name,  but  to  testify  q/*Him. 
Here  is  a  community  of  action  in  the  Father 
and  the  Son,  and  a  declaration  of  the  office  of 
the  Holy  Ghost  to  preach  the  Son.  In  r?no- 
ther  place,  Christ  said.  He  and  the  Father 
were  one,  while  the  constant  performance  of 
actions  on  His  part,  distinct  from  those  of  the 
Father,  declared  that  they  were  distinct.  They 
were  one  in  essence,  but  distinct  in  person. 
When  Christ  separated,  or  set  apart  his  dis- 
ciples to  their  work,  He  declared,  by  a  signifi- 
cant action,  that  the  third  person  of  the  Trinity 
came  from  Him,  as  well  as  from  the  Father — 
^'He  breathed  on  them,  and  saith  unto  them^ 
Receive  ye  the  Holy  Ghost.^'t 

After  ascending  to  that  glory  which  He  had 
with  the  Father  befiire  the  world  was,J  Jesus 
said,  *^Tohimtinlovercometh  will  1  grant  to  sit 
with  me  in  my  tbron  ',  even  as  I  also  overcame, 
and  am  set  down  with  my  Father  in  his  throne. 
He  that  hath  an  ear,  let  him  hear  what  the 
Spirit  saith  unto  the  churches/^§ 

We  are  told,  "the  Word  was  made  flesh,  and 
dwelt  among  us,  and  we  beheld  his  glory,  the 
glory  as  of  the  only  begotten  of  the  Father, 

♦John,xiv.26.  fJohn,  xx.22.  ^  John,xvii.5.  §  Her.  iii.  21, 2?. 


13 

full  of  grace  and  truth;"  and^'  in  him  dwelletli 
all  the  fulness  of  the  Godhead  bodily."*  Here 
are  the  three  persons, 

Peter,  charging  home  upon  the  Jews,  the 
murder  of  our  Lord,  says,  "  This  Jesus  hath 
God  raised  up — therefore,  being  by  the  right 
hand  of  God  exalted,  and  having  received  of 
the  Father  the  promise  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  he 
hath  shed  forth  this  which  ye  now  see  and 
hear.^f  Here,  again,  are  the  three  persons,  and, 
again,  Christ  sending  forth  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Peter  says,  also,  '•  He,"  Jesus,  ^'  which  was 
ordained  of  God,  to  be  the  Judge  of  quick  and 
dead;" — and,  "while  he  spake  these  words, 
the  H  ily  Ghost  fell  on  them."}  Here  was  God 
the  Father,  ordaining  Jesus  the  Judge  of  quick 
and  dead,  and  the  Holy  Ghost  conveying  home 
the  words  of  the  Gospel. 

"Thro'  Him,"  Christ,  says  Paul,  "  we  have 
access  by  one  Spirit  unto  tlie  Father."||  "I 
bow  my  knees  unto  the  Father  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ, — that  he  would  grant  you, — to  be 
strt  iigthened  with  might  by  his  Spirit  in  tiie  in- 
ner man.^  Be  filled  with  the  spirit — giving 
thanks — unto  God  and  the  Father,  iu  the  name 
of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.''1f 

In  the  Epistle  to  the  Colosians,  the  same 
Apostle  speaks  of  "  the  acknowledgment  of 

*  John  i.  14.  and  Col.  ii.  9      f  \cis,  ii  32,  33.    ^  Acts,  x.  42,  44. 
[|  Ephes.  ii.  18.     §  Bphes.  iii.  14,  16.     %  Ephes.  v.  18,  20. 

2 


m^&>£ 


i4i 

the  mystery  of  God,  and  of  the  Father,  and  of 
Christ/^*  Now  God  himself,  and  our  Father, 
and  our  Lord  Jesus  Christy  direct  our  way  unto 
you.^'t 

In  writing  to  his  own  nation,  Paul  speaks 
of  '^  the  blood  of  Christ,  who,  through  the 
eternal  Spirit,  offered  himself  without  spot  to 
God/'t 

Paul  speaks  of  tempting  God;  and  of  tempting 
Christ;  and  of  tempting  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord: 
thus  declaring  three  persons — united  in  one 
sense,  and  distinct  in  another.  The  same  lan- 
guage does  he  use  concerning  power,  eternity, 
&c.:  at  onetime  speaking  of  them  as  adhering  to 
one;  atanother,  to  another,  anda^ainto  the  third 
of  the  different  persons  of  the  adorable  Trinity. 
And  thus  is  it  throughout  the  Bible.  While  a 
distinction  of  persons  is  constantly  presented 
to  view,  a  community  of  names,  of  actions,  and 
indeed,  of  every  thing  which  can  go  to  show  a 
perfect  unity  of  essence,  is,  at  the  same  time, 
made  prominent.  Thus  *'is  the  Father  called 
God?  So  is  the  Son,  and  so  is  the  Holy  Ghost. 
Ls  the  Father  called  Lord?  So  is  the  Son,  and 
so  is  the  Holy  Ghost.  Is  the  Father  eternal?  So 
is  the  Son,  and  so  is  the  Holy  Ghost.  Is  the 
Father  Almighty?  So  is  the  Son,  and  so  is  the 
Holy  Ghost.  Is  the  Father  omnipresent?  So  is 

•  Col.  ii.  2.    t  Thes.  iii.  11.    +  Heb.  ix.  14. 


'■'"^■h^iS''- 


15 

the  Son,  and  so  is  the  Holy  Ghost.  Ts  the  Father 
omniscient?  So  is  the  Son,  and  so  is  the  Holy 
Ghost.  Is  the  Father  uncreated?  So  is  the  Son, 
and  so  is  the  Holy  Ghost.  Is  the  Father  in- 
comprehensihle?  So  is  the  Son,  and  so  is  the 
Holy  Ghost.  Was  the  Father  concerned  in  the 
work  of  creation?  So  was  the  Son,  and  so  was 
the  Holy  Ghost.  Is  the  Father  the  upholder 
of  the  universe?  So  is  the  Son,  and  so  is  the 
Holy  Ghost.  Is  the  Father  engaged  in  the  re- 
generation of  human  souls?  So  is  the  Son,  and 
so  is  the  Holy  Ghost.  Are  we  baptized  in  the 
name  of  the  Father?  So  likewise  in  the  name 
of  the  Son,  and  in  the  name  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 
Is  prayer  addressed  to  the  Father?  So  likewise 
to  the  Son,  and  to  the  Holy  Ghost.  Are  we 
blessed  in  the  name  of  the  Father?  So  likewise 
in  the  name  of  the  Son;  and  in  the  name  of  the 
Holy  Ghost.  Hath  the  Father  a  personal  ex- 
istence? So  hath  the  Son,  and  so  hath  the  Holy 
Ghost.  Did  the  Father  conduct  the  Israelites 
to  the  holy  land?  So  did  the  Son,  and  so  did 
the  Holy  Ghost.  Is  the  incommunicable  name 
Jehovah  given  to  the  Father?  So  is  it  given 
also  to  the  Son,  and  to  the  Holy  Ghost.  Is 
holiness  ascribed  to  the  Father?  So  is  it  as- 
cribed to  the  Son,  and  to  the  Spirit.  Is  good- 
ness attributed  to  the  Father?  So  to  the  Son, 
and  to  the  Holy  Ghost.  Is  glory  given  to  the 
Father?  So  to  the  Son,  and  to  the  Holy  Ghost.*' 


16 

And  equally  clear  are  the  representations 
that  the  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost,  are 
three  distinct  persons,  and  exercise  three  dis- 
tinct offices.  Thus  ^*  the  Father  holds  the  rights 
of  the  Godhead;''  the  Son  is  the  Mediator  be- 
tween Him  and  our  fallen  race,  and  the  Re- 
deemer from  Sin  and  Hell;  the  Holy  Ghost 
applies  to  us  the  benefits  of  the  Gospel,  and 
prepares  us  for  the  enjoyment  of  Heaven. 

And  what  shall  we  say  to  these  things?  Be- 
ing of  an  hour!  Canst  thou  by  searching  find 
out  God?  Does  thy  capacious  mind  contain  the 
grasp  of  Infinity?  Canst  thou  scan  that  shore- 
less ocean,  the  nature  of  Jehovah  ?  When  thou 
^halt  return  from  exploring  His  immensity, 
then  may  we  believe  thy  doubts  in  preference 
to  His  word.  Till  then  we  must  be  content 
^vith  our  Bibles,  supported  as  the^  are  by  the 
concurrent  voice  of  all  antiquity. 

And — wouldst  thou  be  persuaded — instead 
of  rashly  endeavouring  to  ex|)lain  away  the 
plain  word  of  unalterable  revelation,  be  thank- 
ful to  thy  Maker,  that,  in  amazing  and  incon- 
ceivable goodness,  He  has  been  pleased  to 
become  thy  Redeemer,  and  to  humble  Himself 
as  thy  Sanctifier.  Wait  till  the  full  glory  of  a 
brighter  world  shall  shine  upon  thy  faculties, 
before  thou  presuraest  to  be  wiser  than  thy 
God. 


17 

What  though  in  this  strong  hold  of  thy  salva- 
tion, there  is  an  imperfect  discovery,  wilt  thou 
refuse  all  benefit  from  it  because  it  is  in  some 
degree  veiled  in  clouds?  Then,  if  thou  wert  in 
a  day  of  miraculous  visitation,  and  an  angel 
were  sent  to  release  thee  from  a  dungeon,  thou, 
forsooth,  wouldst  refuse  his  deliverance,  be- 
cause thine  eyes  were  dazzled  by  the  bright- 
ness of  his  splendours. 


II. 


Who^  being  in  the  form  of  Gody  thought  it  not  robbery  to 
be  equal  with  God: 

But  made  himself  of  no  reputation^  and  took  upon  him 
the  form  of  a  servant,  and  ivas  made  in  the  likeness 
of  men. — Phil.  ii.  6,  7. 

The  great  truth  contained  in  the  text  is  the 
rock  of  all  our  hopes.  It  is  the  fountain 
whence  flow  the  streams  of  the  waters  of  life  to 
make  glad  our  wilderness.  The  fact  that  there 
is  a  God  who  is  the  Creator  and  Judge  of  all 
things  is  calculated  to  give  comfort  to  holy 
beings;  but  to  us,  who  are  transgressors,  the 
mere  annunciation  of  it  is  a  revelation  of  terror. 
Wp  can  not  look  unto  the  Eternal  One  without 
seeing  His  Justice  arrayed  agaiust  us.  The 
a* 


18 

greater  His  glory,  the  more  are  we  overwhelm- 
ed. We  need,  then,  a  Mediator  to  stand  be- 
tween us  and  His  majesty: — One  more  than  a 
mere  mortal  like  ourselves; — One  more  than 
even  an  angelic  intellect;  for  He  must  be  migh- 
ty to  save: — so  powerful  that  His  plea  shall  be 
heard: — so  righteous  that  He  can  impart  to  us 
righteousness.  And,  moreover,  this  Mediator 
must  have  His  greatness  so  veiled,  as  that  we 
shall  be  encouraged  to  approach  Him.  If  He 
be  clothed  in  all  the  splendour  of  His  power,  we 
shall  be  as  certainly  consumed  in  approaching 
Him,  as  in  approaching  the  One  who  holds  the 
rights  of  the  Godhead.  Glory  be  to  God  on 
high,  such  a  Mediator  appears  in  the  Lord  Je- 
sus Christ.  Yes,  as  sa^'s  our  Snd  Article,  in 
perfect  accordance  with  the  words  of  the  text, 
"  The  Son,  which  is  the  Word  of  the  Fa- 
ther,  begotten  from  everlasting  of  the  Father, 
the  very  and  eternal  God,  of  one  substance  with 
the  Father,  took  Man's  nature  in  the  womb  of 
the  blessed  Virgin,  of  her  substance:  so  that 
two  whole  and  perfect  Natures,  that  is  to  say, 
the  Godhead  and  Manhood,  were  joined  toge- 
ther in  one  Person,  never  to  be  divided,  whereof 
is  one  Chrisv  ery  God,  and  very  Man;  who 
truly  suffered,  was  crucitied,  dead,  and  buried, 
to  reconcile  his  Father  to  us,  and  to  be  a  sacri- 
fice, not  only  for  original  guilt;  but  also  for 
actual  sins  of  men.'' 


19 

The  second  person  of  the  Trinity  bears  to 
the  first  the  relation  of  Son,  having  been  begot- 
ten, in  an  ineftable  manner,  from  all  eternity. 
He  continually  addressed  the  first  with  the  title 
of  Father,  and  was  acknowledged  by  the  first 
as  Son.  It  is  said,  "  we  beheld  his  glory,  the 
glory  as  of  the  only  begotten  of  the  Father,  full 
of  grace  and  truth:"*  And,  that  He  was  not 
of  recent  date,  we  are  informed  in  that  language 
of  the  Most  High  to  Bethlehem — Ephratah — 
^^  Out  of  thee  shall  he  come  forth  unto  me — 
whose  goings  forth  have  been  from  of  old,  from 
everlasting:! — God  sent  forth  his  Son,  made  of 
a  woman: J — When  he  bringeth  in  the  first 
begotten  into  the  world  he  saith,  and  let  all  the 
angels  of  God  worship  him/% 

"  There  are  several  senses  in  which  Messi- 
ah is  called  the  Son  of  God. — 1.  He  is  so  called 
because  of  the  miraculous  manner  of  his  con- 
ception. See  Luke  i.  35. — 'Z.  He  is  so  called 
because  of  his  resurrection  from  the  dead.  See 
Acts  xiii.  32,  33. — 3.  He  is  so  called  because  of 
his  dignity  and  authority.  See  Heb.  i,  J2 — 5. 
— 4.  He  is  so  called  because  of  his  oflBce.  Joha 
X.  36. 

But  then  Christ  is  called  the  Son  of  God  ia 
such  a  way  and  manner  as  never  any  other  was, 
is,  or  can  be,  because  of  his  own  divine  nature, 
he  being  the  true,  proper,  and  natural  Son  of 

*  John  i.  14.    t  Micah.  ?.  2.    \  Gal.  iv.  4.    $  Heb.  i.  6. 


20 

God,  begotten  by  him,  ineffably,  before  all 
worlds.  The  New  Testament  speaks  of  this 
peculiarity  of  his  Sonship  upon  various  occa- 
sions. Thus — "  God  so  loved  the  world,  that 
he  gave  his  only  begotten  Son,  that  whosoever 
believeth  in  him  should  not  perish,  but  have 
everhisting  life;  for  God  sent  not  his  Son  into 
the  world  to  condemn  the  world,  but  that  the 
world  through  him  might  be  saved.  He  that 
believeth  on  him  is  not  condemned,  but  he  that 
believeth  not  is  condemned  already,  because 
he  hath  not  believed  in  the  name  of  the  only 
begotten  iS^ow  of  God.''  John  iii.  16,  17,  18. — 
Again ; — "  God  sending  his  own  Son  in  the 
likeness  of  sinful  flesh,  and  for  sin  condemned 
sin  in  the  flesh.''  Rom.  viii.  3. — Again: — 
^^When  the  fulness  of  time  was  come,  God 
sent  forth  his  Son  made  of  a  woman,  made  un- 
der the  law."  Gal.  iv.  4}. — Again: — "  For  this 
purpose  the  Son  of  God  was  manifested  that  he 
might  destroy  the  works  of  the  devil."  1  John 
iii.  8. — And  again: — "  In  this  was  manifested 
the  love  of  God  towards  us,  because  that  God 
sent  his  only  begotten  Son.^'  1  John  iv.  9. — 
From  all  these  passages,  and  others  that  might 
be  produced,  it  is  evident,  that  Christ  was  ihe 
Son  of  God  in  a  high  and  peculiar  sense,  such 
as  no  other  Being  was^  is,  or  can  be.  This 
was  the  sense  of  all  the  great  writers  of  the 
Christian  church  from  the  beginning.'^ 


The  propriety  of  the  title,  the  Word,  applied 
to  the  Son,  is  shown  from  the  language  of 
John,  who  certainly  did  not  mean  to  lead  the 
people  into  idolatry.  Opening  his  Gospel,  he 
says,  "In  the  beginning  was  the  Word^  and 
the  Word  was  with  God,  and  the  Word  was 
God.  The  same  was  in  the  beginning  with 
God.''^  And,  again,  "  The  Word  was  made 
flesh  and  dwelt  among  us.^'f 

That  Christ  is  "  of  one  substance  with  the 
Father,''  we  are  taught  by  His  own  declara- 
tion. '*Iand  my  Kather  are  one.^'J  But  as 
this  is  no  less  than  declaring  Him,  what  He  is 
elsewhere  said  to  be,  "  the  very  and  eternal 
Gotl,''  we  are  not  willing  to  dismiss  the  sub- 
ject thus  easily.  This  is  the  alone  anchor — 
the  alone  ark,  which,  if  brt>ken,  leaves  us  in 
the  deluge;  therefore,  as  we  have  some  wish 
for  salvation,  we  will  detail — it  might  be  said — 
I  speak  words  chosen — several  thousand  rea- 
sons,— but,  as  that  would  weary  you — a  suffi- 
cient number  of  reasons  why  we  should  hold 
on  this  anchor  and  trust  this  ark. 

We  are  taught  the  Divinity  of  Christ  by  the 
nature  of  the  work  which  He  came  to  perform. 
That  work  was  more  than  to  create  a  world- 
It  was  to  overcome  the  opposition  of  our  liearts 
to  holiness,  and  to  renew  us  after  the  image  of 
God.     It  was  to  redeem  us  from  all  the  conse- 

*  John  i.  1,  2.    f  John  i.  14.    ^  John  x.  30. 


queiices  of  sin,  both  temporal  and  eternal,  and 
exalt  us  to  an  ever  brightening  state  of  felicity. 
The  power  to  be  exercised  not  only  required  to 
be  sufficient  to  raise  our  bodies  from  the  grave, 
but  to  new  create  our  Souls,  and  to  usher  both 
»oul  and  body  into  ^'  an  inheritance  incorrupti- 
ble and  undefiled,  and  that  fadeth  not  away.''* 

We  are  taught  the  Divinity  of  Christ  by  the 
fact  that  no  created  being  is  able  to  atone  for 
the  sins  of  another.  The  laws  of  God  cover 
all  our  very  wishes,  during  all  the  moments  al- 
lotted us  throughout  the  whole  of  our  existence. 
Kaise  then  our  exertions  as  high  as  we  may, 
no  one  of  us  can  do  a  tittle  more  than  we  are 
required  to  do  for  the  discharge  of  our  own 
duty.  And  the  same  reasoning  applies  to  an- 
gels;— to  all  created  ones.  They  are  all  placed 
under  law,  and  hound  to  love  the  Lord  their 
God,  with  all  their  heart,  and  soul,  and  mind, 
and  strength.  Whence  then  is  to  come  that 
work  of  supererogation  necessary  to  make  up 
for  our  want  of  righteousness?  It  can  never  be 
found,  unless  some  one  greater  than  law  shall 
render  obedience,  and  place  that  obedience  to 
our  benefit.  Christ  having  furnished  our  righ- 
teousness— pven  a  righteousness  sufficient  to 
clothe  us.  and  cause  us  to  be  accepted,  proves 
Him  greater  than  law — proves  Him  Divine. 

We  know  that  Cb'  isi  is   Divine  from  the 

•  1  i^etei-  i.  4. 


high  magnilicent  language  made  use  of  in  the 
earlier  scriptures  when  foretelling  His  advent. 
They  declared  the  seed  of  the  woman  should 
bruise  the  serpent's  head.  Now  who  was  spo- 
ken of  under  the  similitude  of  the  serpent? 
The  devil,  who  made  use  of  the  serpent:  And 
who  is  he?  The  "  Prince  of  the  power  of  the 
air,  the  spirit  that  now  worketh  in  the  children 
of  disobedience:"*  the  "  old  serpent,  which  de- 
ceiveth  the  whole  world. "f  He  is  no  less  than 
archangel  ruined.  His  head,  his  power,  Christ 
was  to  destroy.  And  was  a  mere  man  capable 
of  tills,  when  the  whole  race  of  men  have  been 
tyrannised  over  by  Satan,  for,  now,  six  thou- 
sand years? 

"  In  thee,"  said  the  Most  High  to  Abraham, 
referring  to  the  Messiah,  "  in  thee  shall  all  fa- 
milies  of  the  earth  be  blessed." J  Now,  h<»w 
were  all  thus  blessed  in  Christ,  anless  he  be 
God?  A  great  part  of  the  uoild  never  heard 
of  the  name  of  Christ.  There  must  then  be  in 
Him  some  plenitude  of  power  to  enable  llim  to 
bless  all  iu  some  shape  or  other,  or  the  prophe- 
cy has  not  been  fulfilled. 

Jacob  spoke  of  Christ,  as  "  the  angel  which 
redeemed"  him  *'  from  all  evil,"  and  prayed 
for  him  to  '*  bless"  his  grand-sons.§ 

Job,  in  the  fulness  of  prophetic  vision,  ex- 

♦  Eph.  ii.  2.  f  Rev.  xii.  9.  t  Gen.  xii.  3.  See  also  xviii.  18,  &c. 
$  Gen.  xlviii.  15, 1(5. 


24i 

claimed,  ^^  T  know  that  my  Redeemer  livetli, 
and  that  he  shall  stand  at  the  latter  day  upon 
the  earth/^  &c.^ 

The  Psalms  are  full  of  the  most  striking  pre- 
dictions, which  can  not,  by  any  accommodation, 
have  their  fulfilment  in  a  mere  creature.  True, 
they  point  out,  first,  some  Israelitish  monarch; 
but  they  use  such  terms,  and  employ  such  ex- 
pressions, as  show  that  he  is  only  the  shadow 
of  a  great  Antitype,  who  is  clothed  with  the 
might  and  the  character  of  God.  The  utmost 
power  of  language  is  put  in  requisition  to  de- 
scribe his  greatness.  To  use  the  words  of  ano- 
ther, 'Afresh  weight  and  dignity  are  added  to 
the  sentiment,  till,  gradually  ascending  from 
things  below,  to  things  above,  from  human  af- 
fairs, to  those  which  are  Divine,  they  bear  the 
great  important  theme  upward  with  them,  and, 
at  length,  place  it  in  the  height  and  bright- 
ness of  Heaven." 

Kven  David  himself  calls  the  Personage 
predicted.  "  Lord;"  and  the  angels  of  iTod  are 
commanded  to  worship  him.  The  Apostles 
applied  these  prophecies  to  Jesus,  and  Jesus 
applied  them  to  himself. 

We  are  taught  the  Divinity  of  Christ,  by  the 
vast  apparatus  of  types,  and  priesthoods,  and 
sacrifices,  made  use  of  to  fortel  his  coming.  The 
patriarchal,  which  overspread  the  world;  the 

*Jobzix.25. 


S5 

Jewish,  which,  by  its  splendor,  surpassed  all 
the  glory  of  mortals;  both  these  dispensations,  in 
their  every  circumstance,  were  typical  of  Christ* 

The  prophets,  in  foretelling  the  Messiah, 
made  use  of  such  language  as  must  lead  us  to 
suppose,  either  that  there  are  two  Gods,  or 
different  modes  of  subsistence  in  the  same  God. 
Thus,  the  Lord  says,  "  1  have  overthrown 
florae  of  you  as  God  overthrew  Sodom  and  Go- 
morrah.*  I  will  have  mercy  upon  the  house  of 
Judah,  and  will  save  them  by  the  Lord  their 
God.f  The  Lord  rained — hrimstone  and  fire 
from  the  Lord, out  of  ileaven.J  I  will  strength- 
en them  in  the  Lord,  aud  they  shall  walk  up 
and  down  in  his  name,  saith  the  Lord.''|| 

Isaiah  applies  the  title,  God,  to  Christ: 
^^  unto  us  a  child  is  born,  unto  us  a  Son  is  giv- 
en.— and  his  name  shall  be  called  Wonderful, 
Counsellor,  the  Mighty  God.^  A  virgin  shall 
conceive,  and  bear  a  son,  and  shall  call  his 
name  Immanuel"Tf — God  with  us. 

Isaiah,  fortelling  the  consequences  of  Christ's 
coming,  introduces  them  with  a  declaration  that 
Hi^  is  God;  thus,  *•  behold  your  God  will  come 
with  vengeance,  even  God  with  a  recompense; 
he  will  come  and  save  you.  Then  the  eyes  of 
the  blind  shall  be  opened,  and  the  ears  of  the 
deaf  shall  be  unstopped.     Then  shall  the  lame 

♦Amos iv.  11.    fHoseai.  7.    ♦Gen.xix.  24.         |Zech.x.  12. 
$  Is.  IX.  6.     H  Is.  vii.  14. 

3 


26 

man  leap  as  an  hart,  and  the  tongue  of  the 
dumb  sing.'^*  Prophesying  concerning  His 
forerunner,  he  says,  ''  The  voice  of  him  that 
crieth  in  the  wilderness,  prepare  ye  the  way  of 
the  Lord, — Jehovah — make  straight  in  tlie  de- 
sert a  highway  for  our  God."f  And  he  ex- 
pressly styles  the  "  Redeemer  the  Lord  of 
hosts.^'J 

Jeremiah  proclaims  Him  as  One  who  was  to 
he  so  above  all  created  beings,  as  to  be  able  to 
clothe  us  with  righteousness.  '^  Behold,  the 
days  come,  saith  the  Lord,  that  I  will  raise  unto 
David  a  righteous  branch,  and  a  king  shall 
reign  and  prosper;  and  shall  execute  judgment 
and  justice  in  the  earth, — and  this  is  his  name, 
whereby  he  shall  be  called,  the  Lord  our  righ- 
teousness/'||  Surely  we  must  say,  "  in  the 
Lord  have  I  righteousness  and  strength. ''§ 

Daniel  beheld  Him  in  an  illustrious  vision, 
receiving  (he  crown  of  dominion.  ''  1  saw,''  said 
he,  "  I  saw  in  the  night  visions,  and  behold 
one  like  the  Son  of  man  came  with  the  clouds 
of  heaven,  and  came  to  the  Ancient  of  days, 
and  they  brought  him  near  before  him.  And 
there  was  given  him  dominion  and  glory,  and 
a  kingdom,  that  all  people,  nations,  and  lan- 
guages should  serve  him:  his  dominion  is  an 
everlasting   dominion,   which  shall    not   pass 

♦Is.  XXXV.  4 — 6.    fis. xl. 3.  4  Is.  xliv.  6.  B  Jer.  xxiii.  5and  6. 
t  Isa.  xlv.  24. 


^7 

away,  and  his  kingdom  that  which  shall  not  be 
destroyed.''*  And  we  perceive  the  same  pro- 
phet praying  in  the  name  of  the  Messiah,  ia 
the  same  manner  that  we  pray  in  the  name  of 
Christ; — beseeching  ''  for  the  Lord's  sake."t 

Ha2;2;ai  fortels  the  Mi^ssiah  as  "  the  desire 
of  all  nations:"!  and  it  is  remarkable  that,  at 
the  birth  of  Jesus,  there  was  a  general  expec- 
tation of  a  Supreme  Ruler.  The  Senate  of 
Rome  was  agitated  by  the  subject.  Virgil 
wrote  concerning  it.  Caesar  claimed  it  as  her- 
alding him.  The  wise  men,  we  know,  came 
from  the  East  and  worshipped  this  Dksiue. 

Zechariah  represents  Jehovah  as  saying  un- 
to Israel,  ''  The  Lord  of  hosts  hath  sent  me 
unto  thee."||  He  also  announces  the  Messiah 
as  ^^the  man  whose  name  is  the  branch:"  who 
"  shall  build  the  temple  of  the  Lord: — and  shall 
sit  and  rule  upon  his  throne:"  and  declares  that 
^^  the  counsel  of  peace  shall  be  between  them 
both:"§ — indicating  a  covenant  between  two 
persons. 

Malachi  proclaims  Him  expressly  as  ''  the 
Lord,"  or  "  Jehovah."Tr 

Such  was  the  effect  of  these  dispensations, 
and  of  these  prophecies,  that  the  Jews  expect- 
ed in  the  Messiah  a  Mighty  One,  who  should 
overturn  all  the  powers  of  the  earth,  and  place 

•  Danl.  vii.  13, 14.  fDanl.  ix.  17.  :^IIag.  ii.  7.  fl  Zech.  ii. 
11.     §  Zech.  vi.  12,  13.    ^  Mai.  iii.  1. 


S8 

them  in  the  throne  of  supreme  dominion.  They 
expected  Him  to  reign  with  a  supremacy  ne'er 
to  end.  They  entitled  Him  the  Word:  looked 
to  Him  as  the  Creator:  as  Him  who  appeared 
to  Moses;  and  destroyed  Sodom  and  Gomo- 
rah. 

We  know  that  Christ  is  Divine,  because, 
when  in  the  midst  of  this  general  expectation  of 
Him,  Gabriel  came  toannoui.ce  His  approach, 
he  said  to  Zacharias,  concerning  the  forerunner 
John,  "  Many  of  the  children  of  Israel  shall 
he  turn  to  the  Lord,  their  God;"*  and  to 
Mary  concerning  Jesus — **  He — shall  be  cal- 
led the  Son  of  the  Highest;  and  the  Lord  God 
shall  give  unto  him  the  throne  of  his  Father 
David: — and  of  his  kingdom  there  shall  be  no 
end. — The  Holy  Ghost  shall  come  upon  thee, 
and  the  power  of  the  Highest  shall  oversha- 
dow thee;  therefore  also  that  holy  thing  which 
shall  be  born  of  thee  shall  be  called  the  Son 
of  God.'^t  Elizabeth,  saluting  Mary,  entitled 
her,  "  The  mother  of  my  Lord:" J  and  Zach- 
arias, addressing  John,  said,  "  Thou  shalt  go 
before  the  face  of  the  Lord."||  The  angel  said 
to  the  Shepherds,  "Unto  you  is  born  this  day, 
in  the  city  of  David,  a  Saviour,  whieliis  Christ 
the  Lord:"^  And  aged  Simeon,  in  the  fulness 
of  his  joy,  exclaimed,  "  Lord,  now  lettest  thou 

•Lulce  i.  16  fLuke  i.  32—35.  :^  Luke  i.  43  g  Luke  \.76. 
$Lukeii.  11. 


S9 

thy  servant  depart  in  peace; — for  mine  eyes 
have  seen  thy  salvation; — a  light  to  lighten  the 
Gentiles  and  the  glory  of  thy  people  Israel."* 

And  now  we  have  touched  but  the  thresh- 
hold  of  these  proofs.  They  lie  yet  in  great  mass 
within  those  sacred  pages,  but  your  patience 
would  be  wearied  in  listening  to  them.  We 
will,  therefore,  suspend  the  argument  for  the 
present.  In  the  mean  time,  let  me  intreat  you 
to  bear  in  mind  the  infinite  importance  of  your 
having  right  ideas  concerning  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ. 

That  we  are  in  a  state  of  sorrow  we  know: 
that  we  are  sinners  we  are  fully  assured:  and 
that  we  are  travelling  forward  to  a  world  of 
retribution,  we  are  well  aware.  The  question, 
then,  whether  there  be  any  sufficient  lledeemer, 
is  of  incalculable  moment.  Whether  you  and 
I  shall  lie  down  in  torment,  or  rise  to  everlast- 
ing felicity,  is  a  matter  that  deeply  interests  us: 
and  the  whole  is  suspended  on  the  character  of 
Jesus  Christ.  There  is  no  other  Helper. — 
We  hear  of  "  no  other  name  under  Heaven 
whereby  we  can  be  saved.''  The  philoso- 
phers of  olden  time  are  all  darkness  and  doubt: 
the  philosophers  of  latter  years  are  full  of  con- 
tradictions. We  want  some  one  on  whom  we 
can  repose:  well  accredited,  and  at  the  same 
time  full  of  power: — for  it  is  no  trifle  to  save 

♦  Luke  ii.  29—32. 

3* 


30 

us.  We  want  some  one,  too,  full  of  pity;  suited 
to  the  work  of  mediation; — able  to  sympathise 
with  us;  able  to  suffer  for  us.  If  Jesus  be  not 
this  one — if  Jesus  he  not  Divine  as  well  as 
human,  we  are  lost.  The  storm  broods  over 
us  and  we  can  not  avert  it: — the  sword  is  sus- 
pended, and  we  have  no  shield.  Single  handed 
we  must  advance  to  the  throne  of  Justice,  and, 
in  advancing,  we  must  be  consumed.  If  it 
were  a  mere  teacher  of  morals  our  necessities 
required,  we  need  not  be  so  anxious.  But,  as 
we  need  an  atonement, — as  we  need  a  Deli- 
verer from  the  damnation  of  Hell, — as  we  need 
satisfaction  to  the  Justice  of  the  Almighty,  we 
ought  to  be  awake  to  the  inquiry. 

No  Socrates,  no  Plato,  not  even  the  example 
and  the  precepts  of  Jesus,  are  enough.  If 
there  be  not  a  fountain  of  atonement  we  must 
perish.  If  there  be  not  a  renovating  Spirit, 
procured  by  a  sufficient  High  Priest,  we  must 
be  content  with  the  society  of  the  damned. 

Give  then  to  these  inquiries  your  time  and 
your  thoughts:  and,  that  you  may  not  rely  on 
your  own  powers  alone,  seek,  by  fervent  prayer 
to  God,  that  the  Holy  Spirit  may  take  of  the 
things  which  are  Christ's,  and  show  them  unto 
you;  and  that,  through  the  knowledge  of  Hini^ 
you  may  be  wise  to  everlasting  life. 


%¥ 

'  ..:■;'*, 


31 


III. 

Who,  being  in  the  form  of  Gody  thought  it  not  robbery 
to  be  equal  icith  God: 

But  made  himself  of  no  reputation,  and  took  up(m  him 
the  form  of  a  servant^  and  was  made  in  the  likeness  of 
men. —  Phil.  ii. — 6,  7. 

In  the  first  sermon  on  this  text,  we  endea- 
vored to  show^  during  an  exposition  of  the  ^nd 
Article  of  our  Church,  that  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  the  Redeemer  of  our  souls,  is  verily 
and  indeed  God.  Then  we  advanced  but  a 
small  portion  of  the  proof.  We  proceed  now 
to  other  evidence.  Matthew  describes  the 
event  of  Christ's  birth  by  repeating  the  words 
of  the  prophet — ''  Behold,  a  virgin  shall  be  with 
child,  and  shall  bring  forth  a  son,  and  they 
shall  call  his  name  Emmanuel;  which,  being  in- 
terpreted, is,  God  with  us."*  John,  the  fore- 
runuer,  came  preaching,  and  saying.  ^'He  shall 
baptize  you  with  the  Holy  Ghost  and  with  fire; 
whose  fan  is  in  his  hand,  and  he  will  thoroughly 
purge  his  floor,  and  will  gather  the  wheat  into 
his  garner;  but  the  chati*  he  will  burn  with  fire 
unquenchable. f  No  man  hath  seen  God  at 
any  time;  the  only  begotten  Son,  which  is  in  the 
bosom  of  the  Father,  he  hath  declared  him.^'J 

♦  Matt.  i.  23.    t  Luke  iii.  16,  17.    ♦  John  i.  18. 


3S 

In  the  fulness  of  his  adoration,  he  exclaimed, 
"  Behold  the  Lamb  of  God,  which  taketh  away 
the  sin  of  the  world."* 

John  informed  the  people  it  was  revealed  to 
him,  thai,  "  upon  whom"  he  should,  '^  see  the 
Spirit  descending,  and  remaining  on  him,  the 
same"  was  'Mie  which"  baptized**  with  the  Holy 
Ghost:"  and,  says  he,  "  I  saw  and  bare  re- 
cord that  this  is  the  Son  of  God.f  He  repre- 
sents Christ  under  the  description,  "  He  that 
Cometh  from  above — He  that  cometh  from  Hea- 
ven," and  states  that  He  "  is  above  all.f  God," 
says  he,  ''  giveth  not  the  Spirit  by  measure 
unto  him.  The  Father  loveth  the  Son,  and 
hath  given  all  things  into  his  hand."§  Na~ 
thanael,  the  master  in  Israel,  exclaimed,  "Thou 
aj't  the  Son  of  God:"||  and  Martha  said,  "  I 
believe  that  thou  art  the  Christ,  the  Son  of 
God,  which  should  come  into  the  world."** 

After  our  blessed  Lord  had  entered  upon  His 
ministry,  we  find  His  disciples  acknowledging 
Him  as  "  the  Son  of  God;|f  saying  to  Him, 
*'  Thou  knowest  all  things,"j:|  thus  declar- 
ing Him  Omniscient;  paying  to  Him  that 
worship  which  belongs  only  to  God,  and  that 
too,  without  being  rebuked  for  it.||||  We  per- 
ceive the  devils  knowing  Him,  owning  Him 

•John  i.  29.    f  John  i.  S3,  4.     ♦  John  iii.  31. 
§  John  iii.  34,  5.     \  John  i.  49. 
♦•  John  \i.  27.    ft  Jc-hn  vi.  69.     ♦♦  John  xvi.  30. 
DU  John  ix.  Z7,    Luke  xxiv .  52. 


33 

as  God,  and  praying  him  not  to  torment  them 
before  their  time.*  We  discover  manifesta- 
tions of  power  which  belong  only  to  God,  and 
this  power  exercised,  not  as  by  one  who  had 
a  merely  delegated  authority,  but  in  the  fulness 
of  Divine  supremacy.  *'  I  will — be  thou 
clean:  Ephphatha,  be  opened: — young  maa 
I  say  unto  thee  arise:  Peace;  be  still:  Laza- 
rus, come  forth:''t  Diseases,  and  storms,  and 
death,  beheld,  and  trembled,  and  obeyed:  as 
when,  of  old,  amid  the  elements  of  rising 
worlds,  ^'  God  jsaid,  let  there  be  light;  and  there 
was  light."  Contemplating  Him,  we  behold  a 
life  as  much  above  human  conception  as  Heaven 
is  above  earth: — a  wisdom  of  words  which 
caused  the  multitude  to  cry  out,  "  Never  man 
spake  like  this  man." 

"  Glorify  thou  me,"  says  Jesus,  praying  to 
His  Father,  ^^  glorify  thou  me  with  thine  own 
self,  with  the  glory  which  I  had  with  thee  be- 
fore the  world  was." J  "  Before  Abraham 
was  I  am. "II  The  Jews  understood  this  as  a 
declaration  of  His  pre  existence,  for  they  ''  took 
up  stones  to  stone  him."  When  the  sul»tle 
Pharisees  sought  to  entrap  Him  in  His  talk.  He 
demanded  of  them,  how  David  c(»nld  call  Him 
Lord,  when  He  was  David's  Son.U  He.  Him- 
self, afterwards,  answered  the  question,  by  say- 

•  Matt,  viii  29  and  Mark  in.  11,  12. 

t  Vlaii.  viii.  3— Mark  vii.  34-  Luke  vii.  14— Mark  i v.  39  and 
Joha  xi.  43.  -  ^  Joha  xvii.  $.    j{  John  viii.  i8.    f  Matt.  zui.  49, 


34 

ing,  ^'  I  am  the  root  and  the  offspring  of  David.* 
What,"  said  He,  "  and  if  ye  shall  see  the  Son 
of  Man  ascend  up  wherehe  was  hefore.f  The 
bn^ad  of  God  is  H«^  which  cometh  down  from 
Heaven. J  T  am  the  living  hread  which  came 
down  from  Heaven.||  I  came  forth  from  the 
Father  and  am  come  into  the  world:  again,  I 
leave  the  world,  and  go  to  the  Father.§" 

The  intimate  union  subsisting  between  Him 
and  the  Father.  He  declared  most  distinctly. 
Not  only  did  He  say,  as  already  remarked, 
''  I  and  my  Father  are  one — no  man  knoweth 
the  Son,  hut  the  Father;  neither  knoweth  any 
man  the  Father,  save  the  Son,  and  he  to  whom- 
soever the  Son  will  reveal  him.^  As  the  Fa- 
ther knoweth  me,  even  so  know  I  the  Father.** 
If  a  man  love  me,  he  will  keep  my  words;  and 
my  Father  will  love  him,  and  we  will  come 
unto  him,  and  make  our  abode  with  him.ff  He 
that  hath  seen  me  hath  seen  the  Father.  Be- 
lievpst  thou  not  that  I  am  in  the  Father  and  the 
Father  in  me?JJ  All  things  that  the  Father 
hath  are  mine.'^||||  When  He  declared  "  I  and 
my  Father  are  one,'^  the  Jews  "  took  up  stones 
to  stone  Him,'^  saying,  ''  thou,  being  a  man, 
makest  thyself  God."§§.  And  so  far  from  tel- 
ling them  they  had  misunderstood  Him,  He 
said,  "  All  men  should  honour  the  Son,  even 

♦  Rev.  xxii.  16.    f  .Tohn  vi.  62.    +  John  vl.  33.     ||  Jolin  v-   51. 
§  John  xvi  28     5[  Malt.  xi.  27.    **J.,hn  x.  15.    -ft  John  xiv.  23. 
+t  John  xiv.  9,  10.    nil  John  xvi.  15.     §§  John  x.  31,  Z3, 


S5 

as  they  honour  the  Father."  Insomuch  that  ^^thc 
Jews  sought  the  more  to  kill  him,  hecause  he 
had  said  that  God  was  His  Father,  making 
himself  equal  with  God."* 

It  would  he  easy  for  me,  perchance,  lo 
amuseyou, beloved  hearer*?,  with  my  own  words; 
but  1  feel,  that,  in  a  subject  of  such  overwhelm- 
ing interest,  it  is  better  to  lead  you  directly  to 
the  fountain  of  truth.  Your  souls  are  at  stake. 
Unless  you  helieve  in  tlie  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 
you  must  be  dumned.\  Far  away  then  be  all 
attempt  to  gratify.  Rather  would  1  present, 
against  your  douhts,  your  difficulties,  and  your 
unhelief,  the  artillery  of  Heaven.  My  days 
are  wasting  and  your  days  are  wasting:  soon 
must  we  stand  before  the  bar  where  we  must 
give  account  of  our  faithfulness.  Let  us  then, 
in  simplicity  and  godly  sincerity  deal  with 
your  souls.  The  Bihle,  the  Bihie  is  our  reli- 
gion. From  tlie  plain  words  of  the  Bible,  let 
us  delight  to  learn. 

"  I  am,"  says  Jesus,  ^^  the  resurrection  and 
the  life: J  I  am  the  truth  and  the  life."||  — 
These  are  assertions  of  Divinity;  for  who  is 
the  resurrection,  who  is  the  truth,  who  is  the 
life  but  God.^  *'  Where  two  or  three  are  ga- 
tiiered  together  in  my  name,  there  am  I  in  the 
midst  of  them. 5     Lo,  I  am  with  you  alvvay, 

♦John  V.  23,  18.    |  Mark  xvi.  16.    4  John  xi.  25, 
.  jl  John  xiv.  6.    -J  Mat.  xviii.  20. 


36 

even  unto  the  end  of  the  world/'*     Here  are 
declarations  of  Omnipresence. 

We  know  that  Jesus  is  Divine,  because  He 
died  in  attestation  of  his  Divinity.  This  was 
the  great  charge  brought  against  Him — "  We 
have  a  law,"  said  the  Jews,  *•  and  by  4»ur  law  he 
ought  to  die,  because  he  made  himself  the  Son 
of  God.^'t  If  the  Jews  were  in  an  error  in 
supposing  that  He  declared  Himself  God,  why 
did  notour  blessed  Lord  undeceive  them?  80 
far  from  saying  they  were  in  an  error  in  under- 
standing Him  as  asserting  his  Godhead,  He^ 
at  the  very  judgment  seat,  reiterated  His  de- 
claration that  He  was  God,  by  saying,  "  Ye 
shall  see  the  Son  uf  Man  sitting  on  the  right 
hand  of  power,  and  coming  in  the  clouds  of 
Heaven;"  in^-oaiuch  that  they  said,  **  What 
need  we  any  further  witnesses?  Ye  have  heard 
the  blasphemy." J  IS  ow,  beloved,  either  Christ 
was  Gud,  or,  with  reverence  be  it  spoken,  He 
did  not  act  the  part  of  a  righteous  man. 

His  resurrection  was  by  his  own  power. — 
''I  have  power  to  lay — my  life — down,  and  1  have 
power  to  take  it  again. "§  He  laid  down  His 
lile,  because,  in  one  sense,  there  was  a  necessity 
that  He  should  die.  "  Without  shedding  of 
blood"  there  ''  is  no  remission;*  it  is  not  pos- 
sible  that  the  blood  of  bulls  and  of  goats  should 

*  Mat.  xxvUi.  20.    f  John  x\x.  7.— -See    Lev.  xxiv.  16,  and 
Deut.  zviii.  20.   #  Maik  xiv.  62—64.    $  John  x.  18.— Heb.  ix.  22. 


37 

laKe  away  sinsf  ^*  He,  therefore,  gave  Him- 
self:— "  by  his  own  blood,  he  entered  in  once 
into  the  holy  place,  having  obtained  eternal  re- 
demption for  us.f  Through  death  he — de- 
stroyed— him  that  had  the  power  of  death. '^| — 
The  cross  itself,  and  the  grave  itself,  was  each 
the  chariot  of  victory.  He  vanquished  sin  and 
discomfited  Satan  on  the  cross.  He  triumphed 
over  death,  and  robbed  him  of  his  sceptre. — 
Having  hallowed  the  grave  for  the  sweet  sleep 
of  His  Saints,  He  arose,  leading  "  captivity 
captive,"^  and  Heaven  and  earth  attested  His 
supremacy:  All  power,"  said  He,  "  all  pow- 
er is  given  unto  me  in  Heaven  and  in  earth.'' || 
In  the  fulness  of  this  power,  He  sent  forth 
his  Apostles  with  a  commission  to  evangelize 
the  world.  If  He  had  been  less  than  God  the 
command  to  them  would  have  been  preposte- 
rous.  A  few  miserable  fishermen  to  effect  more 
than  all  the  Alexanders  and  Caesars,  all  the 
Catos  and  Pythogoras,  that  ever  lived!  With 
a  doctrine  which  would  rouse  the  world  in 
arms  against  it,  to  send  them  forth  to  subdue 
that  world!  Truly,  if  He  had  not  been  God, 
Paul,  and  Peter,  and  all  the  rest  of  the  Apos- 
tles, would  have  been  ranked  among  the  deluded 
victims  of  imposture,  centuries  upon  centuries 
ago.     The  wide  spread  of  their  then  humbled 

♦  Heb.  X.  4.    t  Heb.  ix.  12.     +  Heb.  ii.  14.  ||  Eph.  iv.  8.  §  Matt, 
xxviii.  18. 

4 


38 
cause;  the  sweep  it  has  taken  throughout  the 
earth;  the  inarch  it  is  prosecuting  in  this  tri- 
umphant day;  lead  us  to  exclaim  with  the 
convinced  centurion,  '^  Truly  this  was  the  Son 
of  God:"'^  and  to  say  with  the  adoring  Thomas, 
"  My  Lord,  and  my  God.'^f 

"I  am  he/'  said  Ciirist  to  John,  in  the 
Apocalypse,  ^^I  am  he  which  searcheth  the 
reins  and  hearts.J  I  am  Alpha  and  Omega,  the 
beginning  and  the  ending, — which  is,  and 
which  was,  and  which  is  to  come,  the  Al- 
mighty.'^|| 

Stephen,  "  full  of  the  Holy  Ghost, — saw  the 
glory  of  God,  and  Je&us  standing  on  the  right 
hand  of  God.  And  tljey  stoned  him — invoking, 
— and  saying  Lord  Jesus  receive  my  spirit — 
Lord  lay  not  this  sin  to  their  charge.''^ 

The  Apostles,  when  assembled  to  acknow- 
ledge another  in  the  place  of  Judas,  prayed, 
"  Thou,  Lord,  which  knowest  the  hearts  of  all 
men,  show  whether  of  these  two  thou  hast 
chosen.''*^ 

Peter,  preaching  to  the  crucifiers,  says, 
''  Therefore,  being  by  the  right  hand  of  God 
exalted,  and  having  received  of  the  Father  the 
promise  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  he — Jesus — hath 
shed  forth  this  which  ye  now  see  and  hear.^ff 
The  same  Peter,  speaking  to  Cornelius  con- 

*Matt.  xsvii.  54.    f  John  xx.  28.    +  Rev.  ii.  23.    fi  Rev.  i.  8. 
$  Acts  vii.  55,  59,  60.    *♦  Acts  i.  24.    ft  Acts  ii,  33. 


39 

cerning  Jesus  Christ,  says,   "  He  is  Lord  of 
all."* 

"  Angels,  authorities,  and  powers,"  says  Holy 
Scripture,  are  "  made  subject  unto  him."t  He 
is  entitled  '^our  God  and  Saviour  Jesus 
Christ;"J  and  His  Kingdom  is  called  "  the 
everlasting  kingdom  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ. II  Grow  in  Grace  and  in  the 
knowledge  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus 
Christ;"§  says  the  Apostle — ^^To  our  Lord  and 
Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  be  glory,  both  now  and 
forever."  James  entitles  Him  "  The  Lord  of 
glory;"1f  and  Jude,  "  The  only  wise  God  our 
Saviour."** 

'^  By  him"  Christ,  says  Paul,  "  were  all  things 
created,  that  are  in  heaven,  and  that  are  in  earth, 
visible  and  invisible,  whether  they  be  thrones, 
or  dominions,  or  principalities,  or  powers:  all 
things  were  created  by  him,  and  for  him;  and 
he  is  before  all  things,  and  by  him  all  things 
consist.ft  III  him  are  hid  all  the  treasures  of 
wisdom  and  knowledge.  In  him  dwelleth  all 
the  fulness  of  the  Godhead  bodily. JJ  He  is 
able  to  subdue  all  things  unto  himself.  ||||  1  can 
do  all  things  through  Christ  which  strengthen- 
eth  me."§§. 

Paul  had  every  reason  to  believe  in  the  Di- 

*  Acts  x.  36.  f  1  Peter  iii.  22.  |  2  Peter  i.  1.  \\  2  Peter  i.  11  \  Peter 
iii.  18.  1  Jas.  ii.  1.  ••  Judo  xxv.  f  f  Col.  i.  16,  17.  %%  Col.  ii- 
3, 9.    \\  Phil.  ii.  xxi,    \ h  Phil.  iv.  13. 


40 

vinity  of  Christ,  for,  like  Isaiah,*  he  saw  his 
glory,  thus  we  are  told,  ^'As  he  journeyed  he 
came  near  Damascus;  and  suddenly  there  shin- 
ed  round  about  liim  a  light  from  heaven;  and 
he  fell  to  the  earth,  and  heard  a  voice  saying 
unto  him,  Saul,  Saul,  why  persecutest  thou  me? 
And  he  said.  Who  art  thou.  Lord?  And  the 
Lord  said,  I  am  Jesus  whom  thou  persecutest: — 
and  he,  trembling  and  astonished,  said.  Lord 
what  wilt  thou  have  me  to  do?'^t  -^^^  when  he 
went  into  Damascus,  Ananias  came  to  him, 
saying,  "Brother  Saul,  the  Lord,  even  Jesus, 
that  appeared  unto  thee  in  the  way  as  thou 
camest,  hath  sent  me,  that  thou  mightest  receive 
thy  sight,  and  be  filled  with  the  Holy  (xhost.'^J 
The  repenting,  believing  Pharisee,  felt,  as  well 
as  saw,  the  power  of  Jesus.  He  now  united 
with  the  church  in  calling  on  the  name  of,  or 
praying  to— Jesus;  and  he  continued  so  to  do. 
We  find  him,  in  the  Epistle  to  the  Corin- 
thians, entitling  believers  those  who  "  call  upon 
the  name  of  Jesus  Christ''|| — showing  that  they 
remembered  the  words  of  the  Master  Himself, 
who  said,  "  If  ye  shall  ask  any  thing  in  my 
name,  1  will  do  it."§  Indeed  Paul  often  pray- 
ed to  Christ.  When  he  had  the  thorn  in  the 
flesh,  he  '^besought  the  Lord  thrice  that  it  might 
depart  from"  him;  and  he  received  for  answer, 

*  Isaiah  vi.  1,  and  John  xli.  41.    f  Acts  ix  3—6.    |  Acts  ix.  IT, 
fl  1  Cor.  i.  2.    §  John  xiv.  14. 


41 

'^  My  grace  is  sufficient  for  thee.''*^  At  another 
time  he  intbrms  us — "  while  I  prayed  in  the 
temple,  I  was  in  a  trance,  and  saw  him — Christ 
— saying  unto  me,  make  haste  and  get  thee  quick- 
ly out  of  Jerusalem;  for  they  will  not  receive 
thy  testimony  concerning  me.  And  I  said,  Lord, 
they  know  that  I  imprisoned,  and  beat  in  every 
synagogue  them  that  believed  on  thee:  and  when 
the  blood  of  thy  martyr,  Stephen,  was  shed,  I 
also  was  standing  by,  and  consenting  unto  his 
death,  and  kept  the  raiment  of  them  that  slew 
him.  And  he  said  unto  me,  Depart:  for  I  will 
send  thee  far  hence  unto  the  Gen  tiles. ''f 

Certainly  the  Apostle  Paul  was  guilty  of  no 
idolatry.  He  knew  well  whether  Christ  was 
worthy  of  Divine  honours.  His  mind  was  too 
strong  to  be  led  away  by  fanaticism.  He  ne- 
ver would  have  prayed  to  the  Lord  Jesus,  and 
held  that  intercourse  which  a  creature  holds 
with  his  Almighty  Sovereign,  relying  entirely 
upon  Him  for  grace  and  for  strength,  if  he  had 
not  been  well  assured  our  Saviour  was  Divine. 
Paul  must  have  believed  the  truth  of  those 
words  of  the  Bible — "  at  the  name  of  Jesus 
every  knee  should  bow.^^f 

Beloved,  this  is  not  all.  If  Christ  be  not 
Divine,  there  is  idolatry  in  Heaven.  ''  When 
he — Jesus — had  taken  the  book,  the  four  beasts 
and  four  and  twenty  elders  fell  down  before 

♦2  Cor,  xil.  8,  9.    f  Acts  xxii.  ir— 21.    t  Phil.  ii.  10. 

4* 


4S 

the  Lamb,  having  every  one  of  them  harps,  and 
golden  vials  full  of  odours,  which  are  the 
prayers  of  saints, — the  prayers  of  saints! — 
and  they  sung  a  new  song,  saying,  thou  art 
worthy, — for  thou  wast  slain,  and  hast  redeemed 
us  to  God  by  thy  blood.* — I  heard  the  voice 
of  many  angels  round  about  the  throne,  and  the 
beasts,  and  the  elders:  and  the  number  of  them 
was  ten  thousand  times  ten  thousand,  and  thou- 
sands of  thousands;  saying  with  a  loud  voice, 
Worthy  is  the  Lamb  that  was  slain,  to  receive 
power,  and  riches,  and  wisdom,  and  strength, 
and  honour,  and  glory,  and  blessing.  And 
every  creature  which  is  in  Heaven,  and  on  the 
earth,  and  under  the  earth,  and  such  as  are  in 
the  sea,  and  all  that  are  in  them,  heard  I,  say- 
ing Blessing,  and  honour,  and  glory,  and  powd- 
er, be  unto  him  that  sitteth  upon  the  throne, 
and  UNTO  the  Lamb  forever  and  ever.f  Sal- 
vation to  our  God  which  sitteth  upon  the 
throne,  and  unto  the  Lamb.'^J 

Now  we  know  that  there  is  a  law  given  to  us 
in  this  world,  ^^  Thou  shalt  worship  the  Lord 
thy  God,  and  him  only  shalt  thou  serve:^^|| 
and  there  is  reason  to  suppose  the  same  law 
exists  in  Heaven.  Certainly  it  is  as  necessary 
for  celestial  beings  to  worship  God  alone  as  for 
terrestrial.  Adoration  is  the  keystone  of  all. 
Whoever  is  adored  will  be  obeyed.     Now  one 

*  Rev.  V.  8.  9.  t  Rev.  y.H— 13.  t  Rev.  vii.  10.  §  Mat.  iv.  10. 


43 

or  other  of  these  two  coaelusioos  must  we 
adopt,  viz:  that  the  angels  are  idolaters,  or 
that  Jesus  Christ  is  the  very  and  eternal  God. 
And  yet  we  have  only  begun  this  argument. 
Do  you  grow  weary?  How  then  will  you  en- 
dure an  eternal  celebration  of  the  praises  of 
Jesus?  How  will  you  enjoy  the  pursuits  of 
that  world  wliere  Holy,  Holy,  Holy,  is  con- 
tinually sounding  around  the  throne  of  the 
Lamb?  If  you  ever  join  those  who  have  palms 
in  their  hands,  as  symbols  of  victory,  you  will 
join  in  the  song  "Worthy  is  the  Lamb  that  was 
slain  to  receive'^  all  "  glory/'  Exercise  your- 
selves then  upon  earth.  Take  your  Bibles,  as 
well  as  listen  in  the  sanctuary;  and  let  your 
prayers  continually  ascend  to  the  Giver  of  all 
grace  that  "  Christ  Jesus"  may  be  "  made  of 
God  unto''  you  "  wisdom,  and  righteousness, 
and  sanctilication,  and  redemption."* 


IV. 

IVho,  being  in  the  form  of  God,  thought  it  not  robbery  to 
be  equal  with  God; 

But  made  himself  of  no  reputation^  and  took  upon  him 
the  form  of  a  servant,  and  was  made  in  the  likeness  of 
men. — Phil.  ii.  6,  7. 

Still  do  we   linger  around  that  delightful 
theme,  Jesus  Christ  and  Him  crucified.     Still 

*  1  Cor.  i.  30. 


44 

do  we  station  ourselves  at  the  foot  of  His  throne^ 
that  we  may  catch  some  glimpses  of  His  glory, 
and  obtain  power  to  be  transformed  into  His 
image.  We  are  poor,  suffering,  condemned 
creatures — our  minds  can  revolve  no  subject 
more  calculated  to  comfort;  for  this  blessed 
Jesus,  it  is  said,  has  come  to  ^^  heal  the  broken- 
hearted, to  preach  deliverance  to  the  captives, 
and  recovering  of  sight  to  the  blind;  to  set  at 
liberty  them  that  are  bruised,  to  preach  the  ac- 
ceptable year  of  the  Lord."*  Even  as  some 
perishing  caravan,  in  the  midst  of  a  desert, 
would  earnestly  inquire,  whether  he  who  came 
offering  to  deliver  them,  was  able;  so  we  are 
naturally  anxious  to  ascertain  whether  Jesus 
Christ  is  indeed  Divine, 

We  have  already  employed  the  greater  part 
of  two  sermons  on  the  subject,  and,  instead  of 
diminishing,  the  theme  still  grows  upon  our 
hands.  Like  a  traveller,  who,  from  a  great  dis- 
tance, approaciies  some  lofty  range  of  moun- 
tains:— they  rise,  and  rise,  and  their  summits, 
lost  amid  the  clouds,  seem  to  defy  all  attempts 
to  explore  them. 

The  command  to  baptize  was  in  the  name  of 
the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy  Ghost. f 
All,  then,  who  were  baptized,  were  dedicated 
to  the  Son,  as  much  as  to  the  Father,  and  to  the 
Holy  Ghost.   They  were  dedicated  to  the  One 

*  Luke  iv.  18, 19.    f  Mat.  xxviii.  19. 


45 

God  ill  three  persons;  and,  if  they  were  not 
bound  to  serve  the  Son,  they  were  not  hound 
to  serve  the  Father.  Baptism  signifies  a  full 
and  eternal  consecration  of  the  person  baptized 
to  the  service  and  honour  of  that  Being  in 
whose  name  it  is  administered.  This  conse- 
cration can,  of  course,  never  be  made  to  a  crea- 
ture:— the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy 
Ghost  are  not  creatures,  but  the  Creator: — 
three  persons  united  in  one  essence. — True,  this 
union  is  in  a  manner  we  can  not  understand, 
but  it  is  revealed. 

In  the  course  of  the  New  Testament,  it  is 
frequently  mentioned,  that  persons,  who  were 
Jews,  were  baptized  into  the  name  of  Jesus — ^ 
baptized  into  the  name  of  the  Messiah — con- 
secrated to  the  service  of  Christ  for  time  and 
for  eternity. 

Tlie  blessing  pronounced  so  frequently  by 
the  apostle,  or,  in  other  words,  the  prayer  of- 
fered up  for  a  benediction,  is,  in  the  same  man- 
ner, instructive  on  this  great  subject.  "  The 
grace  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  love  of 
God,  and  the  communion  of  the  Holy  Ghost  be 
with  you  all.'^f — The  prayer  so  continually  of- 
fered for  grace  to  be  bestowed  by  Jesus,  is  a 
plain  declaration  that  He  knoweth  all  things, 
and  that  in  Him  dwelleth  all  the  fulness  of  the 
Godhead.     The  same  prayer  is  offered  to  the 

*  Acts  xix.  5.  &c.    t  2  Cor.  xiii.  14. 


46 

Father  and  to  the  Spii  it,  but  not  more  to  them 
than  to  Him.  It  is  a  prayer  to  the  Godhead 
in  three  persons. 

John  says,  speaking;  concerning  Christ, 
^^  This  is  the  conUiIence  that  we  have  in  him, 
that,  if  we  ask  any  thing  according  to  his  will, 
he  heareth  us:  and,  if  we  know  that  he  hear  us, 
whatsoever  we  ask,  we  know  that  we  have  the 
petitions  that  we  desired  of  him/'*  Here  the 
will  of  the  Lord  Jesus  is  the  measure  of  our 
success,  and  the  power  of  the  Lord  Jesus  is 
represented  as  equal  to  His  will. 

There  are  abundant  proofs  that  it  is  the  duty 
of  all  to  serve  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  with  every 
variety  of  homage.  Inspiration  is  certainly  a 
safe  instructor  on  this  subject.  Not  only  did 
the  apostles  know  from  observation,  and  the 
instructions  of  their  Lord,  they  were  "  guided 
into  all  truth. — He  that  in  righteousness,  peace, 
and  joy  in  the  Holy  Ghost,  serveth  Christ,  is 
acceptable  to  God,  and  approved  of  menf — 
Servants  be  obedient  to  them  that  are  your 
masters,  according  to  the  flesh,  with  fear  and 
trembling,  in  singleness  of  your  heart,  as.  unto 
Christ:  not  with  eye-service,  as  men  pleasers, 
but  as  servants  of  Christ — doing  service,  as  to 
the  Lord,  and  not  to  men;  knowing  that  what- 
soever good  thing  any  man  doeth,  the  same 
shall  he  receive  of  the  Lord,  whether  he  be 

*  1  John  Y.  14,15.    fRom.  xlv.  17",  18, 


> 


47 
bond  oriree.' 'f^     i.yui  tnnj  la  tuv.  jl^v/^^*  ^ 

pat  in  contrast  with  men,  as  the  ultimate  object 

of  all  service,  but  as  He  who   shall   reward 

,every  man  according  to  his  work. 

^^  Ye  serve  the  Lord  Christ:'^!  again  says 
the  Apostle.  ^'  I  thank  Christ  Jesus  our  i^ord,'' 
says  PaHl,  "  who  hath  enabled  me,  for  that  he 
counted  me  faithful,  putting  me  into  the  minis- 
try.'^t 

The  invocations,  too,  to  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  and  to  the  three  united  persons,  are 
very  frequent.  More  than  twenty  times  does 
Paul  repeat  the  prayer  to  Christ,  for  grace 
and  love. — ^^  Now  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  him- 
self, and  God,  even  our  Father — comfort  your 
hearts,  and  establish  you  in  every  good  word, 
and  worlt.ll  Grace  to  you  and  peace  from — 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ.^'  And  he  expresses 
the  perfect,  well  assured  confidence,  as  one 
who  knew  he  was  reposing  on  an  Almighty 
arm,  ^*  The  Lord  shall  deliver  me  from  every 
evil  work,  and  will  preserve  me  unto  his  hea- 
venly kingdom:  to  whom  be  glory  forever  and 
*ever.'*§  Nor  is  this  all;  in  prospect  of  mar- 
tyrdom his  triumphant  spirit  exclaims  ^^  Hence- 
forth there  is  laid  up  for  me.  a  crown  of  righ- 
teousness, which  the  Lord,  the  righteous  Judge, 
shall  give  me  at  that  day.^'Tf 

*  Ephes.  vi.  5— S.    f  Col.  iii.  24.    $  1  Tim  i.  12. 
B  2  Thes.  ii.  16, 17.     {  2  Tim.  iv.  18.    ^I  2  Tim.  iv.  8. 


48 

utters  these  prayers,  and  expresses  this  confi- 
deDce:  John,  also,  the  disciple  who  leaned  on 
Jesus's  breast,  and  was  distinguished  with  pe- 
culiar revelations — ''  Grace/'  says  he,  in  the 
fulness  of  his  affectionate  heart,  anxious  for 
the  good  of  his  people,  "  Grace  be  with  you, 
mercy,  and  peace  from  God  the  Father,  and 
from  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  the  Hon  of  the  Fa- 
ther.^ Grace  be  unto  you  and  peace — from 
Jesus  Christ.  Unto  him  that  loved  us  and 
washed  us  from  our  sins  in  his  own  blood, — to 
him  be  glory  and  dominion  forever  and  ever/'f 

'^  Peter  commenced  his  ministry  with  prayer 
to  Christ — "  Thou  Lord  which  knowest  the 
hearts  of  all  men;''J  and  closed  it  w  ith  praise, 
^^  Grow  in  grace,  and  in  the  knowledge  of  our 
Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  To  him  be 
glory  both  now  and  forever.  Amen."|| 

These  multiplied  invocations  were  not  in 
vain.  "  The  same  Lord  over  all  is  rich  unto 
all  that  call  upon  him.  For  whosoever  shall 
call  upon  the  name  of  the  Lord,  shall  be 
saved.''§  We,  who  have  been  consecrated  by 
baptism  to  the  service  of  Jesus,  and  accustomed 
to  pray  to  Him  for  grace,  should  delight  to  be 
numbered  with  those  Christians  in  the  time  of 
the  Apostles,  characterized   as    "  all  that  in 

*  2  John  3.    t  Rev.  i.  4—6.    t  Acts  i.  24.    I  2  Pet.  iii.  18. 
§Rom.x,  12, 13. 


49 

every  place  call  upon  the  name  of  Jesus  Christ 
our  Lord,  both  their's  and  oui's.''* 

We  believe  that  Jesus  Christ  is  God,  because 
we  are  told  "  All  things  were  made  by  him; 
and  without  him  was  not  any  thing  made  that 
was  made/'t  ^^^^^  ^^^^  we  may  know  He 
did  not  act  with  delegated  authority,  we  are 
informed  "  all  things  were  created  for  him.'^J 
In  the  Proverbs,  Jehovah  says,  He  made  all 
things  for  Himself. ||  Who,  then,  is  Jesus 
Christ  but  Jehovah? 

The  ascription  of  praise  recorded  in  the  Book 
of  Psalms,  and  by  the  Apostle  Paul  applied  to 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  need  not  surprise  us, 
for  it  becomes  all  approaching  the  foot-stool  of 
the  Redeemer  to  say,  '^  Thou,  Lord,  in  the 
beginning  hast  laid  the  foundation  of  the  earth: 
and  the  Heavens  are  the  works  of  thine  hands. 
They  shall  perish;  but  thou  remainest:  and 
they  all  shall  wax  old  as  doth  a  garment;  and 
as  a  vesture  shalt  thou  fold  them  up,  and  they 
shall  be  changed:  but  thou  art  the  same,  and 
thy  years  shall  not  fail.§  By  him,'^  indeed, 
^^were  all  things  created,  that  are  in  Heaven, 
and  that  are  in  earth,  visible  and  invisible, 
whether  they  be  thrones,  or  dominions,  or  prin- 
cipalities, or  powers.     All  things  were  created 

•  1  Cor.  i.  2. — See  references  at  the  end  of  the  volume, 
t  John  i.  3.     r  Col.  i.  16.     ||  Prov.  xvi.  4. 
§Heb.  i.  10—12. 


50 

by  liim  and  for  him:  and  he  is  before  all 
things,  and  by  him  all  things  consist."* 

In  the  9th  of  Romans,  He  is  spoken  of  as 
^^  God  our  all." 

In  the  Hebrews,  is  a  quotation  from  the 
Psalms,  in  which  the  Father  is  represented  as 
addressing  the  Son,  and  saying,  "Thy  throne, 
O  God,  is  forever  and  ever:  a  sceptre  of  righ- 
teousness is  the  sceptre  of  thy  kingdom.  Thou 
hast  loved  righteousness  and  hated  iniquity; 
therefore  God,  even  thy  God,  hath  anointed  thee 
with  the  oil  of  gladness  above  thy  fellows.^f 
In  these  words,  one  person  of  the  Trinity — 
evidently  the  Father — addresses  another,  evi- 
dently the  Son — addresses  Him  with  the  ap- 
pellation God,  and  ascribes  to  Him  an  everlast- 
ing throne. 

In  the  first  epistle  of  John,  it  is  written, 
^^  We  know  that  the  Son  of  God  is  come,  and 
hath  given  us  an  understanding,  that  we  may 
know  him  that  is  true:  and  we  are  in  liim  that 
is  true,  even  in  his  Son  Jesus  Christ.  This 
is  the  true  God  and  eternal  life. "J 

John,  in  a  great  variety  of  passages,  beside 
this,  applies  the  appellation  "  life"  to  Christ. 
Several  of  these  we  have  already  noticed. — 
<^  In  him  was  life,  and  the  life  was  the  light  of 
inen:§ — He  giveth  life  unto  the  world. ||     I  am 

♦  Col.  i.  16, 17.    t  Heb.  i.  8,  9.    %  John  v.  20. 
§  John  i.  4.    II  John  vi.  ^^» 


51 

that  bread  of  life/'*  says  Christ  Himself.  Again, 
^^  the  words  that  I  speak  unto  you,  they  are  spi- 
rit, and  they  are  life.f"  This  life — Clirist — 
^^  was  manifested,  and  we  have  seen  it,  and  bear 
witness,  and  show  unto  you  that  eternal  life, 
which  was  with  the  Father,  and  was  manifest- 
ed unto  us.'^f  Christ  is  eminently  life  to  us, 
because  He  is  the  Author  of  our  eternal  re- 
demption. ^^  We  are  dead,"  and  if  we  arise 
to  life  at  all,  it  is  through  Jesus  Christ  our 
Lord.  Though  the  Father  is  life,  and  the 
Spirit  is  life,  Christ  is  peculiarly  life  to  our 
souls. 

You  remember,  when  the  doubting  disciple 
declared,  unless  he  could  put  his  linger  in- 
to tiie  print  of  the  nails,  and  thrust  his  hand 
into  the  side,  he  would  not  believe:  and 
you  recollect  also,  how,  when  the  Apostles 
were  afterward  gathered  together,  and  Thomas 
with  them,  our  Lord  appeared,  and  offered  to 
him,  so  slow  of  heart  to  believe,  the  evidence  he 
desired.  At  that  time,  you  know,  conviction 
filled  the  soul  of  Thomas;  and  what  were  the 
expressions  which  he  immediately  addressed 
to  his  Master?  "  My  Lord  and  my  God!''§— 
Now  this  was  in  the  college  of  the  Apostles, 
and,  surely,  he  who  uttered  these  words  of 
adoration,  would  not  there  have  been  guilty  of 

*  John  vi.  48.    f  John  viii.  63.     I  1  John  i.  2. 
h  John  XX.  25—8. 


52 

idolatry.  Jesus  rebuked  him  not.  Hereceiv- 
ed  the  homage,  as  in  every  other  instance  He 
had  done:  He  received  it  as  His  own  and  en- 
couraged the  continuance  of  it.  And  this  was 
by  no  means  an  expression  of  surprise  that 
Thomas  made  use  of.  The  evangelist  does 
not  say,  he  exclaimed,  he  cried  out;  but,  he 
said:— in  the  calm  collectedness  of  his  adoring 
soul,  he  said,  what  all  the  Apostles,  at  some 
time  or  other,  said,  by  actions,  if  not  by  words. 
Christ  is  set  forth  in  Scripture  as  Him  who 
shall  judge  the  world.*  Now,  to  this  work  of 
judgment,  Omniscience  and  Omnipresence  are 
essentially  requisite:  and,  we  may  add.  Omni- 
potence too.  That  He  possesses  all  these,  we 
are  reiteratedly  assured.  "  All  the  churches 
shall  know/'  is  His  own  language,  ^^  all  the 
churches  shall  know  that  I  am  he  which  search- 
eth  the  reins  and  hearts:  and  I  will  give  unto 
every  one  of  you  according  to  your  works.^'f 
We  are  told  in  Jeremiah  it  is  a  peculiar  attri- 
bute of  the  Almighty  to  search  the  heart:  "  I, 
the  Lord,''  it  is  declared,  "  I,  the  Lord,  search 
the  heart,  I  try  the  reins,  even  to  give  every 
man  according  to  his  ways,  and  according  to 
the  fruit  of  his  doings.^J  Nor  are  the  assur- 
ances of  Divine  Power  being  in  the  hand  of 
Christ  less  various.    It  is  written  in  Philippians 

*  The  proofs  of  this  are  so  numerous  they  need  not  be  quoted, 
t  Rev.  ii.  23.    ^  Jer.  xvii.  10. 


53 

concerning  Christ — He  "  shall  change  our  vile 
body,  that  it  may  be  fashioned  like  unto  his 
glorious  body,  according  to  the  working 
whereby  he  is  able  even  to  su])due  all  things 
unto  himself."*  Surely  this  that  subdneth  all 
things  to  Himself  is  He,  ^*  who,  being  the  bright- 
ness of — the  Father's — glory,  and  the  express 
image  of  his  person, — ^\vhen  he  had  by  him- 
self purged  our  sins,  sat  down  on  the  right  hand 
of  the  Majesty  on  high.^f 

Paul  and  Barnabas,  when  the  Greeks  oJBPer- 
ed  them  adoration,  rent  their  clothes,  and  cried 
out,  saying,  *^  Sirs,  why  do  ye  these  things? 
we  also  are  men  of  like  passions  with  you,  and 
preach  unto  you  that  ye  should  turn  from  these 
vanities  unto  the  living  God,  which  made  Hea- 
ven, and  earth,  and  the  sea,  and  all  things  that 
are  therein. "f  Here  they  asserted  the  Divinity 
of  Christ  in  two  ways:  first,  by  declaring  that 
He  who  made  all  things  is  God;  and,  second, 
by  refusing  Divine  honours  as  belonging  only 
to  God.  I  say  in  these  two,  for  Paul  else- 
where states,  under  the  guidance  of  inspiration, 
that  Christ  made  all  things:§  and  they  showed, 
by  refusing  to  be  worshipped,  that  Christ,  by 
receiving  adoration,  declared  Himself  to  be 
God. 

And,  doubtless,  ye  shall  all  acknowledge 
the  Divinity  of  Jesus.     ^^  Behold,   he  conleth 

*  Phil.  iii.  21.    t  Heb.  i.  3.    +  Acts.  xiv.  15.    §  Col.  i.  16. 
5* 


54 

with  clouds;  and  every  eye  shall  see  him,  and 
they  also  which  pierced  him:  and  all  kindreds 
of  the  earth  shall  wail  because  of  him.*  The 
Lord  Jesus  shall  be  revealed  from  Heaven, 
with  his  mighty  angels,  in  flaming  fire,  taking 
vengeance  on  them  that  know  not  God,  and 
that  obey  not  the  Gospel  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ. t  When  the  Son  of  Man  shall  come 
in  his  glory,  and  all  the  holy  angels  with 
him,  then  shall  he  sit  upon  the  throne  of  his 
glory.  And  before  him  shall  be  gathered 
all  nations:  and  he  shall  separate  them  one 
from  another,  as  a  shepherd  divideth  his  sheep 
from  the  goats: — Then  shall  the  King  say  un- 
to them  on  his  right  hand,  Come,  ye  blessed 
of  my  Father,  inherit  the  kingdom  prepared 
for  you  fromt  he  foundation  of  the  world. — Then 
shall  he  say  also  unto  them  on  the  left  hand, 
Depart  from  me,  ye  cursed,  into  everlasting 
fire,  prepared  for  the  devil  and  his  angels. '^J 

I  say,  ye  shall  all  acknowledge  the  Divinity 
of  Jesus,  for  willfyou  not  be  there?  Will  not  the 
trump  of  the  Archangel  break  the  cerements 
that  may  enwrap  you,  and  rouse  your  slumber- 
ing dust? 

Beloved,  since  these  things  are  so,  it  certahi- 
ly  becomes  you  to  ^^kiss  the  Son,  lest  he  be 
angry,  and  ye  perish  from  the  way.'^§  He 
comes   now  in  the  form  of  intreaty,  and  He 

*  Rev.  i.  r.  1 2  Thess.  i.  7, 8.  t  Matt.  xxv.  31—41.    §  Ps.  ii.  12. 


55 

knocks  at  the  door  of  your  hearts,  asking  for 
admission.  He  appears  in  the  array  of  Calva- 
ry— the  humiliation  of  Gethsemane — the  weak- 
ness of  Bethlehem.  He  seems  covered  with 
blood,  and  wounds,  and  filled  with  infirmities; 
apparent,  even  notwithstandingthat  glory  which 
encircles  Him  at  the  right  hand.  The  reason 
is.  He  has  taken  your  nature  upon  Him.  He 
died  for  you.  "  He  was  wounded  for  your 
transgressions,  he  was  bruised  for  your  in- 
iquities.^'* All  the  circumstances  of  His 
birth,  life,  death,  and  resurrection  press  upon 
your  view,  because  they  are  detailed  in  the  sa- 
cred page,  and  frequently  spoken  of  in  your 
hearing.  You  almost  forget  that  He  has  been 
^^  by  the  right  hand  of  God  exalted:''! — that, 
indeed,  in  the  depth  of  his  Humiliation,  He 
never  laid  aside  His  Divinity: — that,  like  the 
sun  through  a  fleecy  cloud,  the  Godhead  con- 
tinually broke  upon  the  view,  through  the  man- 
tle of  humanity:  but  then  you  will  not  be  enabled 
to  forget.  Your  attention  will  be  drawn — will 
be  rivetted.  Every  faculty  shall  wake  to  the 
honour  of  the  Redeemer,  for  all  the  praises  of 
Heaven  shall  accompany  Him  in  His  down- 
ward way,  and  the  celestial  crowns  shall 
sparkle  round  all  the  canopy  of  glory.  For  a 
footstool  He  shall  have  the  burning  world.  An 
awful  Justice  shall  be  manifest  in  His  couate- 

*  Is.  liii.  5.    t  Acts.  ii.  33. 


56 

uance^  rendered  more  terrible  by  that  beaming 
mercy  which  will  smile  upon  the  penitent. 

Then,  if  it  appear  that  you  have  "  trodden 
under  foot  the  son  of  God,  and  counted  the 
blood  of  the  covenant  wherewith  he  was  sanc- 
tified an  unholy  thing/'* — then,  if  itappear  that 
you  have  denied  Him — "  before  men/'f — that 
you  have  refused  to  have  Him  to  "  reign  over''{ 
you, — there  will  not  be  found  in  all  the  uni- 
verse a  refuge.  His  every  moment  of  humili- 
ation, His  every  wound,  His  every  tear  of 
auguish.  His  every  night  of  watching  and  of 
prayer.  His  every  means  of  grace  vouchsafed 
for  your  acceptance — even  Heaven  itself,  in 
jealousy  for  His  honour — will  plead  like  trum- 
pets double  tongued  against  you.  Oh  you  know 
that,  even  in  the  little  world  of  men,  true  great- 
ness is  mild,  is  meek,  is  tender;  it  accommo- 
dates, and  invites,  and  soothes;  it  is  conde- 
scending, and  it  appears  lovely;  but  when,  for 
the  safety  of  society,  it  rouses  to  action — for 
the  deliverance  of  the  oppressed,  or  the  admi- 
nistration of  Justice,  it  puts  forth  its  power,  it 
is  steady  and  firm,  it  goes  with  redoubled 
might  to  its  object. 

We  can  not  measure  our  God: — we  can  not 
even  shadow  forth  His  greatness:  but  thus  we 
may  try,  in  our  poor  feeble  way,  to  judge  a  lit- 
tle of  the  contrast  Christ  will  present,  when;  on 

*Heb.  X.  29.    f  Matt.  x.  33.    i:  Luke  xix.  2r. 


57 

a  race  incorrigible,  He  pronounces  sentence. 
Do  not  please  yourselves  with  an  idea  of  His 
mercy  then.  It  is  the  declaration  of  the  Eter- 
nal, that  all  who  on  that  day  are  found  among 
the  despisers  must  perish. 


Who,  being  in  thefomi  of  God,  thought  it  not  robbery  (o 

be  equal  with  God: 
But  made  himself  of  no  reputation,   and  took  upon  hii7^ 

the  form  of  a  servant,  and  was  made  in  the  likeness 

of  men. — Phil.  ii.  6,  '7. 

The  great  difficulty  attending  our  reception 
of  the  truth  of  the  Gospel  is,  that  our  hearts  are 
opposed  to  the  Divine  holiness  it  illustrates^ 
and  the  perfect  purity  it  demands:  but  there  is 
a  minor  difficulty,  springing  originally  from  the 
same  source,  but  having  some  connexion  with 
the  weakness  of  our  minds.  We  are  overpow- 
ered by  the  excessive  brightness  of  God's  cha- 
racter. The  eye  of  our  souls  becoming  daz- 
zled, we  wilfully  close  it.  It  is  very  easy  for 
us  to  convince  ourselves  that  we  are  sinners,  and 
that  the  Justice  of  God  must  be  angry  with  us; 
but,  though  we  wish  to  be  forgiven,  and  hope 
the  Most  Merciful  will  forgive  in  some  way,  we 
find  the  revelation  of  the  Gospel  so  much  above 


58 

our  conceptions  of  goodness,  that  it  is  hard  for 
us  to  receive  it.  That  "  God''  should  "  so 
love  the  workP'  as  to  give  "  His  only  begotten 
Son/'  that  the  Godhead  itself  should  become 
united  to  our  nature  in  order  to  provide  au 
atonement, — verily  it  is  so  far  above  our 
thoughts  and  our  ways,  that  we  are  almost  rea- 
dy to  hesitate.  And  yet,  when  we  examine 
into  the  matter,  we  are  well  assured  that  there 
is  no  other  possible  way  within  the  compass  of 
our  conception,  by  which  mercy  and  truth  may 
meet  together,  righteousness  and  peace  may 
kiss  each  other.  We  feel  that  God's  justice 
can  not  be  infringed.  We  know  that  His  mer- 
cy can  not  flow  vi^ithout  the  consent  of  His  jus- 
tice. When  we  look  at  Him  in  fall- orbed 
sovereignty — the  Ruler  of  all  created  [)eing,  we 
are  aware  that  the  august  majesty  of  His  holi- 
ness can  not  pass  over  sin.  And  in  ourselves 
we  see  no  power  of  making  satisfaction.  We 
can  not  crown  His  justice  while  we  ask  his 
mercy.  We  feel,  that,  unless  there  be  some 
extraordinary  exhibition  of  wisdom  as  well  as 
goodness  on  the  part  of  the  Almighty,  His  at- 
tributes can  not  remain  inviolate,  and  deliver- 
ance be  secured.  All  this  our  reasoning  is 
perfectly  satisfied  by  the  glorious  plan  revealed 
in  the  Gr^spel. — But,  with  our  weak  faculties, 
the  difficulty  remains: — can  it  be  possible? — 
^^  Will  God  indeed  dwell  on  the  earth? — Be- 


59 

hold  tbe  Heaven  and  Heaven  of  Heavens  can 
not  contain  Him!'^ 

What  now  is  the  conduct  which  becomes  us 
in  this  case.  To  seek  to  bring  God  down  to 
our  level?  and,  because  we  can  not  comprehend 
how  He  should  be  so  good,  to  reject  the  salva- 
tion He  offers?  Rather  let  us  humbly  confess 
our  impotence,  and  thankfully  receive  our  par- 
don. 

The  great  doctrine  of  the  incarnation  of  God 
declared  in  our  text,  is  revealed  to  us  in  that 
system  of  sacrifices,  which  existed,  under  va- 
rious modifications,  for  four  thousand  years, 
The  keenest  minds  among  the  heathen  were 
foiled  in  attempting  to  find  a  reason  for  those 
sacrifices.  They  saw  them  overspreading  the 
earth — engrafted  in  every  plan  of  superstition, 
— the  origin  they  could  never  account  for:  and, 
indeed,  on  mere  principles  of  reason,  we  can 
never  account  for  them.  That  the  Deity  should 
be  pleased  with  the  shedding  of  the  blood  of 
innocent  victims,  is  an  idea  that  the  mind  of 
man,  left  to  itself,  could  never  have  framed. 
Unless  there  be  some  secret  reason  for  it,  other 
than  appears  to  the  common  sense  of  unen- 
lightened humanity,  it  must  seem  entirely  pre- 
posterous. We,  who  have  the  Bible  in  our 
hands,  are  informed  on  this  subject.  We  no 
longer  wonder  why,  all  over  the  earth,  heca- 
tombs have  bled,  and  altars  have  smoked.  We 


60 

find  it  commanded  by  the  Almighty.  And  the 
grand  reason  for  that  command,  so  utterly  be- 
yond the  research  of  our  thoughts,  is  also  re- 
vealed, and  made  to  recommend  itself  as  beau- 
tifully proper.  The  whole  system  of  sacrifice, 
we  are  told,  was  intended  to  herald  the  incar- 
nate Redeemer.  Whenever  the  Lamb  fell  be- 
neath the  knife  of  the  priest,  it  proclaimed  the 
^'  Lamb  of  God  which  taketh  away  the  the  sins 
of  the  world.''  Whenever  blood  flowed,  it  de- 
clared "  without  shedding  of  blood  there  is  no 
remission.''  The  seed  of  the  woman  shall  bruise 
the  serpent's  head — was  enigmatical;  sacri- 
fice, while  it  served  to  perpetuate  the  promise, 
gave  an  emblematic  representation  of  the  man- 
ner of  its  fulfilment.  Satan  bruising  the  heel 
of  the  seed  of  the  woman,  was  kept  in  view  by 
the  death  which  the  victim  experienced;  and 
the  seed  of  the  woman  crushing  the  head  of 
Satan,  by  the  favorable  acceptance  of  the  sacri- 
fice. Christ,  even  at  the  altar  of  Abel,  taught 
the  martyred  saint  to  repose  upon  Him  as  a 
full  atonement;  while,  at  the  same  time,  by  re- 
jecting the  sacrifice  of  Cain,  he  showed  that 
without  shedding  of  blood  there  was  no  salva- 
tion. 

The  great  truth  taught  by  sacrifice  was  made 
more  and  more  manifest,  until,  at  length,  Isaiah 
uncovered  it  fully  to  the  view  of  all.  In  the 
53d  chapter  of  his  prophecy,  he  exhibits  the 


** 


61 

Saviour  on  the  very  cross;  shows  His  bleeding 
throbbing  flesh,  raises  Him  to  view,  as,  by 
eminence,  the  sacrifice,  and  says,  "  He  was 
wounded  for  our  transgressions,  he  was  bruised 
for  our  iniquities:  the  chastisement  of  our  peace 
was  upon  him;  and  with  His  stripes  we  are  heal- 
ed. The  Lord  hath  laid  on  him  the  iniquity  of 
us  all." 

The  Jews  were  so  sensible  of  all  these  things, 
that,  though  the  pride  of  their  hearts  clung  to 
the  idea  of  a  conquering  and  ruling  Messiah, — 
which  indeed  they  had  reason  to  expect,  from 
the  predictions  made  use  of  in  heralding  the 
Divinity  of  the  Redeemer,  they  were  con- 
strained to  confess  He  was  appointed  to  suf- 
fer. So  full,  so  strong,  so  clear  was  the  lan- 
guage of  the  prophets,  they  were  obliged  to  ac- 
knowledge, as  Paul  charged  home  upon  them, 
that  Christ  must  needs  have  suifered.* 

In  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  Paul  unfolds 
the  subject  in  such  manner  that  he  who  runs 
may  read.  He  shows  that  the  blood  of  bulls 
and  goats  could  never  take  away  sin,  but  were 
appointed  to  shadow  forth  the  blood  of  Christ. 
He  reasons  out  of  the  ancient  scriptures;  ap- 
plies the  whole  ceremonial  to  the  Lamb  of  God; 
and  shows,  even  to  demonstration,  that  all  the 

*  Acts  xvii.  3.  Unable  to  deny  that  the  Messiaii  was  foretold 
as  a  man  of  sorrows,  the  Jews  invented  the  notion  of  two  Mes- 
siahs; one  to  suffer,  and  the  other  to  reign. 

6 


6S 

offerings  of  the  tribe  of  Levi  were  but  types  of 
the  sufferings  of  Jesus.* 

The  veil  of  the  temple  rent  in  twain;  the 
voice  of  the  expiring  victim, — ^'  it  is  finished;" 
even  the  very  destruction  of  the  Jewish  rites; 
unite  with  the  language  of  the  prophets,  and 
the  reasoning  of  Paul,  to  assure  us  Christ  is 
the  Lamb  of  God. 

And  wherein,  I  would  ask,  consisted  this 
virtue  of  the  blood  of  this  Lamb  of  God,  except 
in  its  connexion  with  the  Divinity?  That  the 
Godhead  itself  suffered,  nobody  supposes,  but, 
that  the  Godhead  was  united  with  the  manhood, 
it  is  necesary  to  suppose,  in  order  to  obtain  the 
idea  of  a  sufficient  atonement.  The  sufferings 
of  a  mere  man,  though  holy  as  Adam  before  his 
fall,  could  never  be  accounted  a  sufficient  sa- 
crifice. There  have  multitudes  suffered,  and 
many  of  them  the  salt  of  the  earth,  but  who 
ever  regarded  their  sufferings  as  an  atonement 
even  for  their  own  sins?  but  the  sufferings  of 
Christ  are  represented  as  an  atonement  for  the 
sins  of  the  world.  The  truth  set  forth  in  scrip- 
ture, that  the  Divinity  was  the  altar  which 
sanctifiedf  the  sufferings  of  the  humanity,  and 
made  them  a  sufficient  atonement,  must  be  re- 
ceived, or  we  must  cast  away  all  idea  of  any 

*  Heb.  X.  1 — 22.  Hebrews — almost  every  where, 
t  Even  as  under  the  law  the  altar  sanctified  the  gift.  See  Mat. 
XJsUi  19.    IJohnii.  2. 


63 

importance  being  attached  to  the  sufferings  of 
Jesus,  or  any  atonement  having  been  made  for 
the  sins  of  the  world. 

But  we  are  taught  more  fully  on  this  subject 
by  the  express  declaration  of  scripture.  The 
words  of  our  text  are  quite  explicit — Who, 
being  in  the  form  of  God,  thought  it  not  rob- 
bery to  be  equal  with  God,  But  made  himself 
of  no  reputation,  and  took  upon  him  the  form  of 
a  servant,  and  ivas  made  in  the  likeness  of  men. 
Now  where  is  the  propriety  of  this  language  ex- 
cept in  the  fact  that  He  who  was  God  humbled 
Himself^  and  took  upon  Him  our  nature.  By 
the  very  uttering  of  the  language,  we  are  called 
to  see  Jehovah  bowing  Himself  to  our  human- 
ity. It  is  an  overwhelming  truth,  but  it  is  the 
sum  of  all  revelation,  and  the  fountain  of  all 
our  hopes.  It  is  a  truth  we  could  never  have 
dared  to  guess  at,  but  it  is  a  truth  every  way 
worthy  of  Infinity. 

Again,  we  are  told  in  scripture,  '^  He  took 
not  on  him  the  nature  of  angels;  but  he  took  on 
him  the  seed  of  Abraham.^'*  Here  we  have 
presented  to  view  the  Godhead  exalted  above 
angels  as  well  as  men,  having  it  perfectly  in 
His  power  to  unite  Himself  to  either,  but,  to 
effect  our  salvation,  choosing  to  take  upon  Him 
the  seed  of  Abraham.     We  can  not  get  rid  of 

*Heb.ii.  16. 


I 


64 

this  view.     It  is  urged  upon  our  attention  by 
the  very  w  ords. 

There  is  a  great  variety  of  expressions 
which  couple  together  the  idea  of  Christ^s  Di- 
vinity and  of  his  humanity^  and  it  is  impossible 
to  understand  them  at  all  without  believing  in 
both.  Thus — '^  the  word  was  made  f tesh 
and  dwelt  among  us.'^^  Now  the  Word,  in 
the  acceptation  of  all,  means  the  second  person 
of  the  Godhead.  The  Jews  understood  it  as 
applied  to  the  Messiah.  The  philosophers  re- 
ceived it  as  One  of  the  Divine  Trinity.  The 
Apostle  informs  us  directly  that  it  is  God.  This 
worji  "  ^VAS  MADE  FLESH. '^  What  Joes  this 
mean,  except  uniting  Divinity  with  humanity? 
Yes,  ^^  the  word  was  made  flesh  and  dwelt 
among  us;  and  we  beheld  His  glory,  the  glory 
as  of  the  only  begotten  of  the  Father,  full  of 
grace  and  truth. '^ 

The  Jews  "  crucified  the  Lord  of  glory.'^f 
How  could  this  have  been^  except  as  the  Lord 
of  glory — of  course  the  eternal  God — became 
united  to  human  nature? 

Says  Paul,  '*  the  second  man  is  the  Lord 
from  heaven. "J  Here  the  same  person  is  God 
and  is  man  at  once. 

^'  Of '^  the  Jews,  ^^  as  concerning  the  flesh, 
Christ  came,  who  is  over  all,  God  blessed  for- 
ever. ||  God — sent — his  own  son  in  the  like- 
ness of  sinful  flesh. ^^§ 

*  John  i.    1 1  Cor.  ii  8.    i:  1  Cor.  xv.  47.|]    Rom.  ix.  5.  §  Rom- 
viii.  3. 


65 

"  God  was  in  Christ,  reconciling  the  world 
unto  Himself.'^* 

"  Ye  know  the  grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  that,  though  he  was  rich,  yet,  for  your 
sakes,he  became  poor,  that  ye,  through  his  pov- 
erty, might  be  rich/'f  In  what  respect,  tell  me, 
was  Jesus  Christ  ever  rich  upon  earth.  He  was 
in  the  same  state  of  poverty  from  the  manger 
to  the  cross.  Surely  He  was  rich  because  He 
was  God.  He  became  poor  because  he  "  hum- 
bled himself — unto  death, ''{  that,  your  sins 
atoned  for,  ye  might  be  saved,  and  thus, 
^'  through  his  poverty  be  made  rich.  God  sent 
forth  his  son,  made  of  a  woman,  made  under 
the  law, — that  we  might  receive  the  adoption  of 
sons. ''II  Here,  once  more,  the  Son  of  God  is 
represented  as  "  sent  forth;''  as  '^  made  of  a 
woman;" — all  ^'^  to  redeem:" — all  "  that  we 
might  receive  the  adoption  of  sons." 

We  are  told  in  scripture,  that  '^  the  love  of 
Christ — passeth  knowledge;"^  and,  in  His 
Godhead  humbling  itself  to  manhood,  there  is 
a  "  breadth,  and  length,  and  depth,  and 
height,"  which  indeed  ^'  passeth  knowledge;'^ 
but  in  notliing  beside.  There  is  no  propriety 
in  using  such  language  to  describe  the  love  of 
Christ,  except  in  connexion  with  His  leaving 
the  bosom  of  the  Father  to  tabernacle  among 
men. 

•  2  Cor.  V.  19.     I  2  Cor.  viii.  9.      \  Phil.  ii.  8.      B  Gal.  iv.  4,  5. 
S  Ephes.  iii.  19. 

6* 


66 

Truly,  "  God  was  manifest  in  the  flesh,  justi- 
fied in  the  Spirit,  seen  of  angels,  preached  un- 
to the  Gentiles,  believed  on  in  the  world,  re- 
ceived up  into  glory.*  He  was  in  the  world, 
and  the  world  was  made  by  him,  and  the  world 
knew  him  not.  He  came  unto  his  own,  and  his 
own  received  him  not.  But  as  many  as  receiv- 
ed him,  to  them  gave  he  power  to  become  the 
sons  of  God,  even  to  them  that  believe  on  his 
name.''! 

"  Hereby  perceive  we  the  love  of  God,  be- 
cause he  laid  down  his  life  for  us.'^f  We  are 
told  also  of  the  "  blood'' ||  of  God:  where  is  the 
propriety  of  this  expression  except  from  the 
union  of  the  human  nature  with  the  Divine? — 
the  blood  being  called  the  blood  of  God,  be- 
cause united  to  Him  m  One  person. 

"Every  spirit  that  confesseth  that  Jesus 
Christ  is  come  in  the  flesh,  is  of  God:  and  every 
spirit  that  confesseth  not  that  Jesus  Christ  is 
come  in  the  flesh,  is  not  of  God:  and  this  is 
that  spirit  of  antichrist,  whereof  ye  have  heard 
that  it  should  come;  and  even  now  already  is  it 
in  the  vvorld.''§ — Yes,  seeking  to  tear  from  the 
firmament  the  Sun  of  righteousness,  and  sur- 
round our  race  with  the  horrors  of  an  eternal 
night. 

^^  Herein  is  love,  not  that  we  loved  God,  but 

*  1  Tim.  iii.  16.  f  John  i.  10—12.  ^  1  John  iii.  16.  B  Acts 
XX.  28.    §  1  John  iv.  2,  3. 


67 

that  he  loved  us,  and  sent  his  Son  to  be  the  pro- 
pitiation for  our  sins.  And — the  Father  sent  the 
Son  for  to  be  the  saviour  of  the  world.''*  Here 
is  the  rock  of  our  salvation;  whoever  lets  this 
go,  gives  up  all  hope. 

"  If  any  man  sin,  we  have  an  advocate  with 
the  Father,  Jesus  Christ  the  righteous:  and  he 
is  the  propitiation  for  our  sins:  and  not  for  ours 
only, but  also  for  the  sins  of  the  whole  world. '^f 
Blessed  truth!  which,  he  who  robs  me  of,  is 
the  murderer  of  my  soul. 

The  beloved  disciple,  who  well  understood 
these  truths,  speaking  of  the  Divinity  and  the 
humanity,  and  the  Divinity  humbling  itself  to 
our  view,  says,  "  That  which  was  from  the  be- 
ginning, which  we  have  heard,  which  we  have 
seen  with  our  eyes,  which  we  have  looked 
upon,  and  our  hands  have  handled  of  the 
Word  of  life;  For  the  life  was  manifested,  and 
we  have  seen  it,  and  bear  witness;  and  show 
unto  you  that  eternal  life,  which  was  wi(h  the 
Father,  and  was  manifested  unto  us"J — Our 
article  then  declares  the  truth  when  it  asserts 
'^  The  Son,  which  is  the  Word  of  the  Father, 
begotten  from  everlasting  of  the  Father,  the 
very  and  eternal  God,  of  one  substance  with  the 
Father,  took  man's  nature  in  the  womb  of  the 
blessed  virgin.'^     The  prophecy  of  uld,  "  Be- 

*  1  John  lY,  10, 14.    1 1  John  ii.  1, 2.    il  John  i.  1.  2. 


68 

hold  a  virgin  shall  conceive  and  bear  a  son/'* 
has  been  fulfilled.  They  have  called  "  His 
name  Immanuel:''  which,  says  Matthew,  "  be- 
ing interpreted,  is,  God  with  us/'f  The  ful- 
ness of  time  has  come,  and  "  unto  us  a  child 
is  born,  unto  us  a  son  is  given;  and  the  govern- 
ment— is — upon  his  shoulder;  and  his  name — 
is — called  Wonderful,  Counsellor,  the  mighty 
God,  the  Father  of  the  everlasting  age,  the 
Prince  of  Peace. '^J  "  Two  whole  and  perfect 
natures,  that  is  to  say,  the  Godhead  and  the 
manhood,'^  the  Divinity  and  a  human  body  and 
soul,  "  were  joined  together  in  one  Person.'' — 
''  God  was  in  Christ.  In  him  dwelleth  al 
the  fulness  of  the  Godhead.  God  was  manifest 
in  the  flesh" — These  natures  are  "  never  to  be 
divided. '^  Christ  ascended  in  His  humanity 
to  Heaven;  there  He  is  our  "  High  Priest; 
touched  with  the  feeling  of  our  infirmities;'^ 
having  been  "  in  all  points  tempted  like  as  we 
are. ''II  There  the  humanity  will  continue.  He 
has  entered  Heaven  as  our  forerunner — as  the 
^^  head — of — his  body  the  Church. "§  Who- 
soever overcometh  shall  sit  with  him  in  his 
throne,  even  as  he  also  overcame,  and  is  set 
down  with  his  Father  in  his  throne. T[  These 
'^  two  natures"  formed  "  One  Christ,  very  God 
and  very  man:" — as  the  human  body  and  hu- 

•  Is.  vii.  14.  t  Mat.  i.  23.  ^  Isaiah  ix,  6,   fl  Heb.  iv.  15.  §  Ephes, 
i.  22— 3.    1  Rev.  iii.  21. 


69 

man  soul  are  united,  tliuusjli  we  can  not  under- 
stand their  union,  so  the  Divinity  ^nd  human- 
ity are  united,  though  we  can  not  comprehend 
the  manner  of  their  union.  He  '*  truly  sufteied, 
was  crucified,  dead  and  buried,"  as,  at  large, 
is  described  in  the  Gospels — And  all  this  He 
did  <^to  reconcile  His  Father  to  us:" — ^'Sure- 
ly he  hath  borne  our  griefs  and  carried  our 
sorrows;^  all  things  are  of  God,  who  hath  re- 
conciled us  to  himself  by  Jesus  Christif — 
through  him  we — have  access  by  one  Spirit 
unto  tlie  Father."J 

He  became  '^  a  sacrifice,  not  only  for  original 
guilt,  but  also  for  actual  sins  of  men." — 
"  Christ — hath  loved  us,  and  hath  given  himself 
for  us,  an  offering,  and  a  sacrifice  to  God  for  a 
sweet  smelling  savour.  ||  Christ  was  once 
offered  to  bear  the  sins  of  niany.^  He  hath 
made  him  to  be  sin  for  us  who  knew  no  sin, 
that  we  might  be  made  the  righteousness  of 
God  in  hira.Tf  We  have  redemption  through 
his  blood;  even  the  forgiveness  of  sins.**  By 
his  own  blood,  he  entered  in  once  into  the 
holy  place,  having  obtained  eternal  redemption 
for  us.ft  Now  once  in  the  end  of  the  world, 
hath  he  appeared  to  put  away  sin  by  the  sa- 
crifice of  himself.f  J  We  are  sanctified  through 
the  offering  of  the  body  of  Jesus  Christ  once 

*  Is.  liii.  4.  t  2  Cor.  V.  18.  t  Eph.  ii.  18.  I!  Eph.  v.  2.  §  Heb.  ix.  28. 
%  2  Cor.  V.  21.    **  Col.  i.  14,    ff  Heb.  ix.  12.    4t  Heb.  ix.  26. 


^ 


70 

for  all.^  We  are  redeemed  with  the  pre- 
cious blood  of  Christ,  as  of  a  lamb  without 
blemish  and  without  spot:f  having  offered 
one  sacrifice  for  sins, — he  hath — forever  sat 
down  on  the  right  hand  of  God.'^J 

"  Glory  to  God  in  the  highest,  on  earth 
peace,  good  will  towards  men.''  Can  we  re- 
volve this  delightful  theme  without  calling  on 
our  souls  and  all  within  us  to  bless  and  magni- 
fy His  holy  name!  Truly  He  "  forgiveth  all 
our  iniquities; — He  healeth  all  our  diseases; 
he  redeemeth  our  life  from  destruction:  and 
crowneth  us  with  loving  kindness  and  tender 
mercies/' 

We  are  deserving  of  utter  banishment  '^  from 
the  presence  of  the  Lord,"  if  such  overwhelm- 
ing love  shall  fail  to  move  us.  We  have  rea- 
son to  expect  glorious  things  from  Heaven,  and 
from  the  goodness  of  God,  but  who  could  have 
anticipated  such  an  infinity  of  love!  Had  we 
been  sent,  one  unbroken  phalanx,  to  perdition, 
we  should  have  been  dealt  with  in  righteous- 
ness:— but — no — Heaven  yields  its  Sovereign 
— Christ  takes  upon  Him  our  nature,  ^^that 
through  death  he — may — destroy  him  that  has 
the  power  of  death, — and  deliver  them  who, 
through  fear  of  death,  are  all  their  life-time 
subject  to  bondage."|| 

♦  Heb.  X.  10.  1 1  Peter  i.  18, 19.  \  Heb.  x.  12.  II  Heb.  ii.  14, 15. 


71 

We  behold  the  answer  of  God  against  sin 
most  awfully  displayed  in  the  view  of  an  as- 
tonished universe.  VYe  behold  a  monument 
reared  to  proclaim  to  all  future  eternity  that 
God  will  by  no  means  look  on  sin  without  ab- 
horrence. We  behold  Heaven  re- peopled  after 
the  fall  of  a  portion  of  its  inhabitants,  and  by 
those  who  are  roused  to  the  very  height  of 
gratitude,  and  led  to  feel 

Eternity's  too  short. 
To  utter  all  their  praise. 

We  perceive  the  Justice  of  God  vindicated; 
the  mercy  of  God  flowing  in  unparalleled 
abundance;  and  the  wisdom  of  God  shining  in 
infinite  splendour. 

Glory  be  to  the  Father  and  to  the  Son  and  to 
the  Holy  Ghost. 


VI. 


The  working  of  His  mighty  power,  which  He  wrought  in 
Christ,  when  He  raised  Him  from  the  dead,  and  set 
Him  at  His  own  right  hand  in  the  heavenly  places. — 
Eph.  i.  19,20. 

We  have  beheld  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  ^^cru- 
cified, dead  and  buried.'-  *^It  is  also  to  be  be- 
lieved," says  the  3d  Article  of  our  Church, 
^^that  He  went  down  into  Hell.''  What  is 
the  warrant  for  this  belief?    In  the  l6th  psalm 


73 

it  is  written,  ''  Thou  wilt  not  leave  my  soul  in 
Hell;^'  and,  in  the  2d  ch.  Acts,  at  27th  v.  Pe- 
ter applies  these  words  to  Christ; — represent- 
ing;, tiiat,  in  using  them,  David  spake  concern- 
ing Christ.  *^  He,'^  says  Peter,  "  seeing  this 
before,  spake  of  the  resurrection  of  Christ,  that 
his  soul  was  not  left  in  heiL^'  We  have,  then, 
the  authority  of  Scripture  for  saying  Christ  de- 
scended into  helL  But  what  is  meant  by  the 
term  hell,  as  thus  used?  Surely  not  the  place 
of  torment;  for  our  Saviour  said  to  the  thief  ou 
the  cross,  *^  To  day  shalt  thou  be  with  me  in 
Paradise.'^*  There  are,  in  the  original  lan- 
guages of  the  Scriptures,  two  words,  both  of 
which  are,  in  our  translation,  rendered  Hell.-— 
One  of  these  words  is  used  to  designate  the 
place  of  torment,  the  other  the  place  of  depart- 
ed Spirits.  In  the  passages  to  which  we  have 
referred,  the  original  points  out  the  place  of 
departed  Spirits;  so  that,  by  saying  He  de- 
scended into  Hell,  we  mean,  as  is  expressed  in 
the  rubric  attached  to  the  creed.  He  went  to 
the  place  of  departed  Spirits.  There  is  a  pro- 
priety in  retaining  the  words  He  descended 
into  Hell,  because  that  is  the  language  of  the 
Scriptures;  though,  undoubtedly,  o<casional  ex- 
planations should  be  given  to  prevent  misap- 
prehension. 

Yes,  our  Saviour  went  to  the  place  of  de- 

*  Luke  xxUi.  45. 


73 

parted  spirits.  It  was  proper  that  He  should 
pass  through  that  Paradise  in  which  His  dis- 
ciples Averc  for  a  season  to  dwell,  in  order  that 
He  might  more  fully  proclaim  to  them  their 
own  resurrection.  They  were  to  die;  their 
bodies  to  lie  in  the  grave;  their  souls  to  enter 
the  state  of  glory  prepared  for  the  holy  depart- 
ed; then  to  re-enter  their  bodies:  and  to  ascend, 
body  and  soul  togetlier,  to  "  the  kingdom  pre- 
pared for — them — from  the  foundation  of  the 
world."  He,  by  His  own  death,  dwelling  in 
the  grave  and  in  Paradise,  rising  again,  ascend- 
ing, body  and  soul,  to  prepare  and  take  pos- 
session of  a  place  for  His  followers,  gave  the 
greater  evidence  of  the  final  consummation  of 
their  bliss,  both  in  body  and  soul." 

"  Christ,"  says  our  4th  Article,  in  perfect 
accordance  with  the  language  of  the  text, — 
^'  Christ  did  truly  rise  again  from  death,  and 
took  again  his  body,  with  ilesh,  bones,  and  all 
things  appertaining  to  the  perfection  of  Man's 
nature,  wherewith  he  ascended  into  Heaven, 
and  there  sitteth,  until  he  return  to  judge  all 
men  at  the  last  day." 

The  resurrection  of  Christ  from  the  dead  was 
necessary  to  vindicate  His  majesty.  He  liad 
appeared  under  circumstances  of  humiliation. 
He  had  bowed  to  an  ignominious  crucifixion. 
His  adversaries  had  concluded  their  power  was 
victorious.    Unless,  then,  He  burst  asunder  the 

7 


74 

bars  of  the  grave,  and  rose  triumphant,  they 
would  go  rejoicing  in  their  blasphemy.  He 
did  rise.  He  not  only  poured  dismay  upon 
them,  but  trampled  upon  death,  the  grave,  and 
Satan. — Moreover,  a  seal  was  set  upon  His 
doctrine,  and  a  proof  given  that  all  He  before 
bad  said  and  done,  was  by  the  indwelling  ful- 
ness of  the  Godhead. 

His  resurrection  was  necessary  for  the  com- 
fort and  encouragement  of  His  people.  They 
all  are,  and  ever  have  been,  the  children  of  the 
dust.  Their  path  lies  through  the  sepulchre: 
and  there  is  something  in  its  dark  chill  vault 
extremely  appalling.  He,  by  eiitering  into  it, 
encouraged  them  to  follow;  and  by  rising,  gave 
an  earnest  of  their  resurrection. 

His  resurrection  was  necessary  in  order  to 
His  ascension,  exaltation,  and  preparing  for  us 
an  everlasting  inheritance.  He  was  raised  for 
our  justification. — Not  only  proving  that  He 
was  innocent,  and  that  He  was  able  to  be 
the  Saviour; — not  only  demonstrating  that  His 
sufferings  and  death  were  accepted  as  our 
atonement,  and  that  we,  through  Him,  might  be 
justified; — but,  also,  preparing  for  that  occupa- 
tion of  the  Mediatorial  throne,  necessary  to  His 
acting  as  our  High  Priest. 

That  "  Christ  did  truly  rise  again,"  we  are 
well  assured. 

You  remember  a  guard  of  Roman  soldiery 


75 

was  set  around  the  sepulchre.  It  was  sealed 
with  tiie  siguetof  theHigh  Priest.  Every  pre- 
caution the  most  wakeful  vigilance  could  devise 
was  promptly  taken:  for  his  resurrection  was 
apprehended.  He  had  declared  it  previous  to 
His  death,  and  the  Jews  feared  the  prediction 
would  he  fulfilled.  Hence  their  language  to  the 
Governor;  and  hence,  undoubtedly,  when  he 
said  to  them,  '^  make  it  as  sure  as  ye  can,''* 
they  left  no  means  unused  which  was  likely  to 
make  the  sepulchre  sure. 

Besides,  what  prospect  was  there  of  His  be- 
ing stolen?  Who  were  to  steal  Him?  A  few 
poor  dispirited  disciples,  who,  notwithstanding 
all  His  wondrous  works,  gave  up  every  thing 
for  lost  as  soon  as  they  beheld  Him  led  away 
to  be  crucified?  They  had  not  the  physical 
force;  and  they  had  not  the  disposition:  for,  if 
Jesus  had  not  power  to  raise  Himself,  there 
was  nothing  to  encourage  their  devotion  to 
him.  A  dead  master,  whose  doctrines,  while 
he  lived,  were  entirely  opposed  to  the  world, 
could  be  of  no  avail.  Common  sense  teaches 
us  there  was  no  probability  of  the  disciples 
moving  in  the  affair. 

Early  in  the  morning  of  the  third  day,  wc 
are  informed  by  the  evangelists,  an  "  angel  de- 
scended, rolled  back  the  stone  from  the  door  of 
the  sepulchre  and  sat  upon  it.'^f    At  sight  of 

*  Matt,  xxvii.  65.    f  Matt,  xxviii. 


76 

him,  the  ^^  keepers — trembled — and  became  as 
dead  meu.^'  T^i^y  lied,  and  told  "  the  chief 
priesU^^  what  they  had  seen.  The  priests 
now  saw  themselves  completely  overcome.  He, 
who,  "  that,  through  death  he  might  destroy 
him  that  had  the  power  of  death, '^  had  al- 
lowed them  to  proceed  to  crucifixion,  had  said 
''  Thus  far  and  no  farther:''  and  He  was  evi- 
dently about  to  visit  upon  them  their  unparallel- 
ed wickedness.  In  trepidation  and  alarm,  they 
knew  not  what  to  do. — Deny  the  resurrection 
they  could  not  wdth  any  shadow  of  propriety, 
but,  as  a  sinking  cause  will  sometimes  resort  to 
desperate  expedients,  they  directed  the  soldiers, 
— "  Say  ye,  his  disciples  came  by  night,  and 
stole  him  away,  while  we  slept:''* — a  tale  which 
bears  its  refutation  on  the  face  of  it;  for  a  sol- 
dier to  confess  that  he  had  slept  at  his  post, 
was  to  declare  his  disgrace;  and,  indeed,  to  de- 
clare himself  worthy  of  death: — sleeping  at  his 
post  is,  in  acentinel,  death,  and  as  we  have  al- 
ready shown,  there  w^as  neither  probability  nor 
possibility  of  the  disciples  thus  stealing  Him. 
This  direction  to  the  soldiers,  then,  was  vir- 
tually, an  acknowledgment  that  Christ  Jiad 
risen. 

But  our  blessed  Lord  immediately  declared 
the  fact  of  the  resurrection  in  His  own  person. 
The  women  who  w^ere  going  to  ^^see  the  se- 
pulchre," and  to  perform  unto  the  body  the  last 

*  Matt,  xxviii. 


77 

customary  offices,  having  been  told  by  "  the 
ans;el,  He  is  not  here,  he  is  risen,"  and  direct- 
ed to  ^»  go  and  tell  his  disciples/'  as  tbi*y  were 
on  tbeir  way,  were  met  by  Jesus.  He  accosted 
them  witb,  **  All  bail:  and  tbey  came  and  held 
him  by  tbe  feet  and  worshipped  him.  First  he 
appeared  to  Mary  Magdalene,*'  and  then  to 
two  others.  Afterwards  he  appeared  to  the 
eleven  as  they  sat  at  meat.  He  appeared  to 
two  who  went  to  the  village  of  Eramaus.*  Af- 
ter these  things  he  showed  himself  again  to  the 
disciples  at  the  sea  of  Tiberias.''  He  appear- 
ed also  to  "five  hundred  bretljren  at  oncc."t 

But  the  fact  of  His  resurrection  is  attested  by 
the  conduct  and  the  success  of  the  Apostles. 
How  was  it  that  these  men,  before  so  timid,  be- 
came afterwards  so  bold?  How  was  it  that  they 
were  endued  with  such  wondrous  power  of 
working  miracles?  Beholding  Peter,  who,  a 
short  time  previous,  trembled  at  the  ques- 
tion of  a  maid. servant,  standing  in  the  midst  of 
Jerusalem,  and  boldly  charging  home  upon  the 
Chief  Priests  and  Pharisees,  the  murder  of  his 
Master;  observing  the  wondrous  gift  of  tongues; 
marking  the  amazing  success  that  attended  his 
preaching — three  thousand  being  converted  to 
the  faith; — we  have  the  strongest  evidence  that 
Jesus  indeed  arose  from  the  dead.  This  was  in 
the  midst  of  the  very  city  that  had  crucified 

♦  Matt,  xxviii,  and  Mark  16,  &c.    f  ^  Cor.  xv.  6. 

7^ 


78 

Him.  It  would  have  been  easy  to  confute  Pe- 
ter, if  confutation  had  been  possible:  and  we 
may  be  well  assured,  that,  instead  of  three 
thousand  being  converted,  the  college  of  Apos- 
tles would  have  been  immediately  slain,  if  the 
fact  of  the  resurrection  had  not  been  manifest. 
Our  blessed  Lord  "  took  again  his  body, 
with  flesh,  bones,  and  all  things  appertaining  to 
the  perfection  of  man's  nature.''  We  are  inform- 
ed that  He  "  sat  at  meat  with"*  the  Disciples 
atEmmaus.  Again,  when  Thomas  expressed 
his  doubt.  He  said,  "  Reach  hither  thy  finger, 
and  behold  my  hands;  and  reach  hither  thy 
hand  and  thrust  it  into  my  side."  Again,  as 
He  "  stood  in  the  midst  of"  the  disciples,  they 
being  affrighted,  supposing  that  they  saw  a 
spirit.  He  said  to  them,  '^  Behold  my  hands 
and  my  feet,  (hat  it  is  I  myself:  handle  me  and 
see;  for  a  spirit  hath  not  flesh  and  bones  as  ye 
see  me  have. — Moreover, — they  gave  Him  a 
piece  of  a  boiled  fish  and  an  honey  comb.  And 
he  took  it,  and  did  eat  before  th  ^oi."|  Thus 
had  they  the  evidence  of  sight  and  of  touch: — 
they  ate  and  drank  with  Him:  they  beheld  and 
examined  the  very  wounds  He  had  received 
on  the  cross:  they  conversed  with  Him  about 
the  things  of  "  the  kingdom. "J  And,  for 
forty  days,  by  infallible  proofs,  did  they  re- 
ceive the  testimony  that  Christ  had  risen  from 

*  Luke  xxiv.    t  John  xx,  and  Luke  xxiv.  \  Acts  i.  3. 


79 

the  dead.  It  is  to  be  remarked,  moreover,  that 
He  showed  Himself  chiefly  in  Galilee,  where 
He  had  spent  the  greater  part  of  the  period  of 
His  incarnation,  and  where,  therefore,  there 
was  the  fuller  opportunity  of  knowing  that  it 
Avas  He  Himself. 

That  the  Apostles  and  otlier  disciples  are 
credible  witnesses,  we  are  well  assured.  Not 
only  did  they  go  forth  testifying  the  fact  of  the 
resurrection,  they  laid  down  their  lives  in  con- 
firmation of  that  fact.  Now  we  know  it  is  easy 
for  men  to  delude  themselves  concerning  the 
truth  of  an  opinion.  The  most  honest  often 
speculate  incorrectly,  and  there  have  been 
martyrs  to  various  kinds  of  fanaticism.  But 
the  fact  of  the  resurrection  came  under  the  cog- 
nizance of  the  senses.  Those  who  proclaim- 
ed it  had  the  strongest  and  fullest  evidence  in 
attestation  of  its  truth.  That  evidence  consist- 
ed not  of  the  mere  workings  of  their  own  ima- 
ginations— the  vagaries  of  their  own  fancy, — 
but  the  touch  and  the  vision  of  their  own  hands 
and  eyes.  And  this,  not  in  a  few  individuals, 
but  several  hundred;  and  several  hundred  of 
those  most  intimate  with  our  Lord  before  His 
crucifixion,  and,  therefore,  least  liable  to  be 
deceived. 

But  the  disciples  are  not  the  only  witnesses. 
The  multitudes  in  Jerusalem,  who  afterward 
joined  them,  and   among  the  rest,  ^<a  great 


80 

company  of  the  priests,''*  are  also  evidence. 
They  bad  full  opportunity  of  ascertaining  whe- 
ther what  the  disciples  said  w  as  true.  The 
proof  of  the  resurrection  was  fully  in  their  pow- 
er, and  they,  we  may  well  conclude,  w  ould  not, 
at  the  hazard  of  all  that  life  holds  dear,  have 
declared  theuiseh  es  believers,  if  they  had  not 
known  that  Christ  arose  from  the  dead. — 
Among  the  rest,  1  would  mention  Paul;  a  man 
well  qualified,  by  the  strength  of  his  mind,  and 
the  extent  of  his  learning,  to  ascertain  the  truth: 
a  man  brought  up  at  the  feet  of  Gamaliel,  nurs- 
ed in  all  the  prejudices  against  the  "  sect  every 
where  spoken  against;"t  a  Pharisee  of  the 
Pharisees-.J  moreover  a  leading  persecutor:  he 
would  not  have  turned  the  tide  of  his  energy 
into  the  path  of  the  Gospel,  if  he  had  not  been 
well  assured  Christ  rose  from  the  dead. 

But  even  these  w  ere  not  all.  The  numer- 
ous churches  gathered  in  all  around  Judea,  are 
so  many  more  witnesses.  They,  in  the  pride 
of  their  philosophy,  despised  the  Jews;  and 
they  were  illy  disposed  to  receive  any  doctrine 
from  among  them.  When,  therefore,  the  Apos- 
tles came  into  their  cities  preaching  the  resur- 
rection, they,  after  recovering  sufficiently  from 
their  contempt  to  listen,  examined  fully  into 
the  subject  before  they  gave  their  credence. — 
When,  then,  we  see  the  unconverted  among 

♦  Acts  vi.  7.    t  Acts  xxviii.  22    \  Acts  xxiii.  6. 


81 

them  hailiug  the  Apostles  as  their  gods,  and 
oftViing  the  homage  paid  to  Jupiter;  and  the 
converted  living  and  dying  in  the  faith  of  the 
Gospel,  we  have  the  strongest  evidence  that 
Jesns  rose  from  the  dead.  The  Jews,  recol- 
lect, many  of  whom  remained  hitter  enemies  to 
the  cross,  were  in  the  midst  of  these  Gentiles, 
endeavouring,  as  much  as  possible,  to  draw  off 
their  attention,  and  increase  their  prejudices; 
so  that,  if  the  weight  of  evidence  had  not  amount- 
ed to  certainty,  the  doctrine  of  the  resurrection 
would  never  have  been  received. 

The  whole  Roman  empire  rises  up  in  attes- 
tation. That  received  the  doctrine,  and  banish- 
ed, for  its  sake,  an  entire  system  of  idolatries. 
With  one  voice,  it  stands  before  us,  proclaim- 
ing— 'Jesus  Christ  rose  from  the  dead.' 

And,  indeed  the  Christian  Church,  from  that 
day  to  this,  is  founded  on  this  doctrine. — 
Wherever  Christ  has  been  acknowledged, 
wherever  the  Gospel  has  been  received,  there 
has  the  seal  been  set  to  this  cardinal  truth. 

We  have,  however,  a  testimony  yet  higher, 
the  Holy  Ghost.  By  a  multitude  of  signs  and 
wonders,  by  inspiration,  by  changing  the  hearts 
of  men,  by  causing  the  Gospel  to  go  on  trium- 
phant, even  until  the  hour  when  it  is  making 
the  tour  of  the  globe,  it  declared,  in  language 
incontrovertible,  Jesus  Christ  has  risen  from 
the  dead. 


82 

This  doctrine  then  rests  on  an  imperishable 
base,  and  we  may  take  to  ourselves  the  comfort 
of  it. 

Has  Jesus  Christ  risen?  Then  shall  you  and 
I  rise,  oh  believers,  from  the  dust  of  death. 
We  see  the  grave  before  us,  and  it  is  painful  to 
think  of  these  active  limbs  of  ours  being  bound 
up  in  the  winding  sheet,  and  laid  in  the  coffin. 
It  is  painful  to  think  of  their  mouldering  be- 
neath the  crawling  worm:  but  Jesus  is  "  the 
resurrection  and  the  life;^ — He  shall  change 
our  vile  body,  that  it  may  be  fashioned  like 
unto  his  glorious  body,  according  to  the  work- 
ing whereby  he  is  able  even  to  subdue  all  things 
iinto  himself.'^t 

Are  we,  let  me  ask,  well  assured  that  we  are 
truly  believers  in  Him?  A  resurrection  of  the 
spirit  must  be  experienced  here,  remember,  be- 
fore we  can  claim  that  character.  Have  we 
then  been  born  of  the  spirit?  Having  once  been 
dead  in  trespasses  and  sins,  ate  we  now  quick- 
ened" J  through  the  power  of  Christ. 
f  If  we  have  this  hope,  ^'  let  us  cleanse  our- 
selves from  all  filthiness  of  the  flesh  and  spirit, 
perfecting  holiness  in  the  fear  of  God.'^§  Let  us 
live  as  those  who  expec|  to  follow  our  master, 
through  the  grave  and  gate  of  death,  to  a  glori- 
ous immortality. 

When  our  '^  corruptible  shall  have  put  on 

♦John si.  25.    \ Phil.  iii.  21.    +  Eph.  ii.  1.    ^2  Cor.  vH.  1. 


ineorruption,  and  our  mortal  shall  have  put  ou 
immortality,  then  shall  be  brought  to  pass  the 
saying  that  is  written,  Death  is  swallowed  up 
in  victory.  O  death,  where  is  thy  sting?  O 
grave  where  is  thy  victory?  The  sting  of  death 
is  sin,  the  strength  of  sin  is  the  law;  hut  thanks 
be  to  God,  which  giveth  us  the  victory  through 
our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.^^* 


VII. 

The  working  of  His  mighty  power,  which  He  wrought  in 
Christ,  when  He  raised  Him  from  the  dead^  and  set 
Him  at  His  own  right  hand  in  the  heavenly  places. — 
Eph.  i.  19,  20. 

There  was  an  interesting  circumstance  in  the 
Jewish  ceremonial,  calculated  to  convey  the 
most  important  instruction.  Once  in  the  year, 
on  the  great  day  of  expiation,  after  the  blood 
of  sacrifice  had  been  shed,  the  High  Priest 
went  into  the  Holy  of  Holies,  and  sprinkled 
that  blood  before  the  mercy  seat.  He  thus  re- 
presented an  atonement  as  made  for  the  sins  of 
the  people.  All  this  was  strikingly  typical. 
The  High  Priest,  we  know,  typified  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ;  and  the  blood  of  animal  sacri- 
fices, the  blood  of  "  the  Lamb  slain  from  the 

♦ICor.  XV.  54— 57 


84 

foundation  of  the  world.''*  The  Jews  them- 
selves regarded  the  Holy  of  Holies  as  a  type  of 
the  highest  Heaven,  and  with  propriety. 

The  High  Priest,  then,  entering  the  Holy  of 
Holies  with  the  blood  of  the  victim,  shadowed 
forth  the  Lord  Jesus  entering  the  Heavens  with 
His  own  blood.  And  thus  St.  Paul  reasons. 
After  speaking  of  the  tabernacle  and  its  service, 
he,  says,  ^^  Christ  being  come,  an  High  Priest 
of  good  things  to  come,  by  a  greater  and  more 
perfect  tabernacle,  not  made  with  hands,  that  is 
to  say,  not  of  this  building;  Neither  by  the 
blood  of  goats  and  calves,  but  by  his  own 
blood,  he  entered  in  once  into  the  holy  place, 
having  obtained  eternal  redemption  for  us  "f 
Foretelling  this  entrance  into  the  temple  above, 
David  says,  '^  Thou  hast  ascended  on  high, 
thou  hast  led  captivity  captive. ''J  We  are  now 
called  to  contemplate  our  Lord  thus  ascending, 
and  to  gather  from  it  the  instruction  it  is  calcu- 
lated to  convey. 

When  He  had  risen  from  the  tomb,  Jesus  said 
to  Mary,  "  I  am  not  yet  ascended  to  my  Father: 
Go  to  my  brethren,  and  say  unto  them,  I  ascend 
unto  my  Father  and  your  Father,  and  to  my  God 
V  and  your  God."i|  After  conversing  with  the  dis- 
ciples ^^  forty  days,  and  speaking  of  the  things 
pertaining  to  the  kingdom  of  God,  "§  we  are 

*  Rev.  xUi.  8.    t  Heb.  ix.  11, 12.  %  Ps.  Ixfiii.  18.  \  John  xx.  17. 
§  Acts  i.  3. 


85 

told  ''  he  led  them  out  as  far  as  Bethany, — and 
it  came  to  pass,  while  he  blessed  them,  he  was 
parted  from  them  and  carried  up  into  Heaven.* 
He  that  descended,'^  says  Paul,  "  is  the  same 
also  that  ascended  up  far  above  all  heavens, 
that  he  might  fill  all  things/'f  His  Divinity  had 
alw  ays  been  in  Heaven,  as  well  as  upon  earth, 
pervading  at  all  times  the  immensity  of  space. 
This  was  the  ascent  of  His  humanity.  "  He 
took  again  his  body,  with  flesh,  bones,  and  all 
things  appertaining  to  the  perfection  of  man's 
nature,  wherewith   he  ascended  into  Heaven.-' 

And  what  were  the  reasons  of  this  ascent? 

The  period  of  His  humiliation  being  over, 
there  was  no  farther  cause  for  Him  to  remain 
in  human  form  upon  earth.  He  had,  "  through 
deatli — destroyed — him  that  had  the  power  of 
death:"  The  consequences  of  His  sufferings 
were  now  to  be  made  manifest;  and  for  the 
sake  of  His  people  He  ascended; 

That  He  might  appear  as  their  High 
Priest  before  the  throne.  To  this  we  Iiave  al- 
ready adverted.  He  "  entered — into  heaven — 
to  appear  in  the  presence  of  God  for  us.^'J  The 
office  of  the  High  Priest  led,  not  only  to  expi- 
ation, but  intercession;  and  to  intercede  our 
blessed  Lord  ascended. — The  blood  that  was 
shed  at  the  altar  must  be  borne  within  the  Holy 
of  Holies,  and  prayer  must  there  be  made,  and 

*  Luke  xxiv.  50,  51.     f  Eph.  iv.  10,     ^  Heb.  ix.  24, 

8 


86 

incense  must  there  be  offered. — Even  so  the 
blood  of  Jesus  must  be  borue  by  himself  on 
high,  and  He,  on  the  shedding  of  that  blood, 
found  His  supplication  for  us:  supplication  for 
grace  and  help,  as  well  as  pardon.  ''  Seeing  then 
we  have  a  great  high  priest, — says  Paul, — that 
is  passed  into  the  heavens,  Jesus  the  Sou 
of  God,  let  us  hold  fast  our  profession.  For 
we  have  not  an  high  priest  which  can  not  be 
touched  with  the  feeling  of  our  infirmities;  but 
was  in  all  points  tempted  like  as  we  are,  yet 
without  sin.  Let  us  therefore,-'  he  goes  on  to 
say,  ^^come  boldly  unto  the  throne  of  grace,  that 
we  may  obtain  mercy,  and  find  grace  to  help  in 
time  of  need.^ — Being  made  perfect,  he  be- 
came the  author  of  eternal  salvation  unto  all 
them  that  obey  him.t" 

He  went  to  take  His  place  as  the  constant 
representative  of  His  people.  Being  peculiarly 
fitted  to  the  office  of  mediation,  by  the  union  of 
Divinity  and  humanity  in  His  person;  and,  hav- 
ing, as  man,  a  sympathy  with  us,  even  the 
sympathy  of  an  elder ''  brother," J  He  appeared 
^'  in  the  presence  of  God,"  that,  through  Him, 
all  prayer  might  be  presented,  and  from  him 
all  blessings  might  flow  to  our  race.  ^^  If  any 
roan  sin,"  says  the  apostle,  '•  we  have  an  Ad- 
vocate with  the  Father,  Jesus  Christ  the  righ- 
teous. ||     He  is  able — to  save  them  to  the  utter- 

•  Heb.  iv.  14— 16.    tHeb.v.9.    :|:  Matt.  xiL  50.   IJlJohnii.l. 


87 

most  that  come  unto  God  by  liim,  seeing  he 
ever  liveth  to  make  intercession  for  them.^ 
Who  shall  lay  any  thing  to  the  charge  of  God's 
elect?  It  is  Grod  that  justifieth:  who  is  he  that 
condemneth?  It  is  Christ  that  died,  yea,  rather, 
that  is  risen  again,  who  is  even  at  the  right  hand 
of  God,  who  also  maketh  intercession  for  us.'^f 
Here  is  a  glorious  and  most  consolatory  truth; 
that  we  do  not  appear  in  the  presence  of  God 
in  our  own  persons,  or  relying  upon  our  own 
merits,  but,  that  the  ^^Lamb''  who  has  "  beea 
slain,''  is  constantly  "  in  the  midst  of  the 
throne,"J  inviting  us  to  come  with  the  confes- 
sion of  alloursins,  and  the  publication  of  all  our 
wants.  Truly  we  may  unite  in  the  song  of  the 
angels,  "  Glory  to  God  in  the  highest, — on 
earth  peace,  good-will  towards  men." 

A  consequence  of  Christ's  ascension,  flowing 
directly  from  this  intercession,  was  announced 
by  Him  to  His  disciples: — "  It  is  expedient  for 
you  that  I  go  away,  for,  if  I  go  not  away,  the 
Comforter  will  not  come  unto  you;  but,  if  I  de- 
part, I  will  send  him  unto  you.||  I  will  pray  the 
Father,  and  he  shall  give  you  another  Com- 
forter, that  he  may  abide  with  you  forever."Tf 
Blessed  Lord!  we  thank  thee;  thou  hast  not 
left  us  comfortless:  thou  hast  come  to  us! — 
"  The  Comfcvter,  which  is  the  Holy  Ghost, 
whom  the  Father  will  send  in  my   name,  he 

*  Heb.  vii.  25.    f  Rom.  viii.  oo,  34.    i  Rer.  v.  6.  fl  John  xvi.  7 
^  John  xiv.  16. 


88 

shall  teach  you  all  things,  and  bring  all  things 
to  your  rememhrauee,  whatsoever  I  have  said 
unto  you.'^*  After  His  ascension,  the  Apostles 
tarried  at  Jerusalem  for  the  fulfilment  of  this 
promise,  and  it  was  fulfilled  even  to  a  most 
miraculous  extent; — "  Cloven  tongues, — as  of 
fire — sat  upon  each  of  them;  and  they  were-en- 
abled, — to  speak  with — tongues,  as  the  Spirit 
gave  them  utterance.'^f  And  this  promise  is 
still  fulfilled.  In  its  ordinary  influences,  the 
Holy  Spirit  is  still  with  the  followers  of  Jesus: 
still  procured  for  them  by  His  powerful  inter- 
cession:— and  ''  even  to  the  end  of  the  world/' 
shall  it  thus  be. 

And  yet  another  consequence  of  intercession 
was  declared  by  our  Lord  to  His  disciples;  for 
He  was  pleased  to  assure  their  fainting  hearts, 
and,  with  them,  our's  also,  by  rich  abundant 
promises.  '^  I  go,''  says  He,  "  to  prepare  a 
place  for  you.  And  if  I  go  and  prepare  a  place 
for  you,  I  will  come  again,  and  receive  you  unto 
myself;  that  where  I  am,  there  ye  may  be 
also."  Moreover — ''  In  my  Father's  house 
are  many  mansions. "f  He  went  then  to  re- 
ceive "  an  inheritance,  incorruptible,  and  uu- 
defiled  and  that  fadeth  not  away."  That  in- 
heritance is  designed  for  us.  Blessed  be  the 
name  of  our  Lord  for  His  goodness,  that  is  de- 
signed for  our  everlasting  home;  and  He  has 

*  John  xiv.    26.    f  Acts  ii.  3,  4.     t  John  siv.  2—3. 


89 

taken  possession  of  it  for  us.  We  have  ^'  hope — 
as  an  anchor  of  the  soul, — which  entereth  into 
that  within  the  vail;  whither  the  forerunner  is 
for  us  entered.''* 

Abraham  ^^  looked'^  forward  to  this,  even  to 
the  '^  city  which  hath  fouudations.f  Grod — hath 
quickened  us  together  with  Christ, — and  hath 
raised  us  up  together,  and  made  us  sit  together 
in  Heavenly  places  in  Christ  Jesus. '-J  The 
exaltation  from  the  grave  of  sin,  enjoyed  by  be- 
lievers here,  is  a  foretaste  of  that  '*  rest" — 
those  superior  Heavenly  places — that  ^^  re- 
maineth  to  the  people  of  God,''  in  the  land  of 
pure  deliglit,  where  they  immortal  reign."  We 
are  citizens  of  Heaven,  ^*  fellow  citizens  with 
the  saints,  and  of  the  household  ofGod."|| 

Here  is  a  rich  volume  of  consolation.  Truly 
we  may  exclaim  ^*  Christ — hath  brought  life  and 
immortality  to  light  through  the  Gospel  "§ 
He  is  the  ^^  day  star^lT — Hp  the  '^  sun  of  righ- 
teousness:"** He"^  is  all  and  in  all. "ft '^Wor- 
thy is  the  Lamb  that  was  slain  to  receive  power, 
and  riches,  and  wisdom,  and  strength,  and 
houour,  and  glory,  and  blessing:  for  he  has 
redeemed  us  to  God  by  his  blood, — and  made 
us  kings  and  priests — and — we — shall  reign 
forever  and  ever."!} 

*  Heb.  vi.  19,  20.  f  Heb.  xi.  10.  t  Eph.  ii.  4—6.  ||  Eph.  ii,  19. 
^  2  Tim.  i.  10.  11  2  Peter  i.  19.  **  Mai.  iv.  2.  ff  Col.  iii.  11. 
it  Kev.  V.  12,  ix.  10,  and  xxii.  5. 

8* 


90 

We  are,  moreover,  taught,  that,  when 
Christ  ascended.  He  took  His  place  at  the  right 
Land  of  God;  the  post  of  peculiar  honour:-the 
right  hand  of  the  Father.  "  All  power''*  was 
given  into  Christ's  hand,  and  hence  He  is  re- 
presented as  at  the  post  of  peculiar  dignity; — 
Omnipotent.  Moreover,  gifts  are  usually  dis- 
pensed with  the  right  hand,  and  He  is  represent- 
ed as  the  fountain  of  all.f  '•  At  thy  right  hand 
there  are  pleasures  forever  more.f  He  hum- 
bled himself,  and  became  obedient  unto  death, 
even  the  death  of  the  cross.  Wherefore  God 
also  hath  highly  exalted  him,  and  given  him  a 
name  which  is  above  every  name.''||  God  hath 
^^  raised  him  from  the  dead,  and  set  him  at  his 
own  right  hand  in  the  heavenly  places,  far 
above  all  principality,  and  power,  and  might, 
and  dominion,  and  every  name  that  is  named, 
not  only  in  tj^is  world,  but  also  in  that  which  is 
to  come.  And  hath  put  all  things  under  his  feet, 
and  gave  him  to  be  the  head  over  all  things  to 
the  church/'^ 

This  kingly  authority,  then,  is  exercised  flit 
the  benefit  of  His  people.  Not  only  to  rule 
them:  but  to  provide  for,  to  bless,  and  to  defend 
them.  This  was  foretold  by  Gabriel:  ••  The 
Lord  God  shall  give  unto  him  the  throne  of  his 
father  David: — and  of  his  kingdom  there  shall 

*  Mat.  xxviii.  18.  t  Col.  i.  19.  |  Ps.  rri.  11.  I  Phil.  ii.  8, 9. 
S  Epb.  i.  20—22. 


91 

be  no  end.^'*  The  kingdom  of  David  was 
typical  of  the  universal  kingdom  of  Christ: 
Christ  in  human  nature  descended  from  David: 
Hence,  as  one  reason,  we  find  the  prophets  so 
frequently  going  before,  proclaiming  Him  un- 
der the  shadow  of  an  earthly  king.  David 
himself  called  Him  Lord,  and  still  He  was  the 
son  of  David. t  "  The  Lord  said  unto  my  Lord, 
sit  thou  at  my  right  band,  until  I  make  thine 
enemies  thy  footstool. ''J  The  two  characters  of 
the  son  of  David,  and  the  Lord  of  David,  are 
continually  kept  in  view;  the  one  to  show  His 
Divinity,  and  His  exaltation  as  Mediator;  the 
other  to  show  His  humanity — the  depth  of  His 
humiliation.  Daniel  prophesied  of  the  glory 
of  Jesus,  when  he  saw  one  like  the  son  of 
man  come  with  the  clouds  of  heaven,  and 
come  to  the  ancient  of  days  and  receive  do- 
minion, and  glory,  and  a  kingdom. || —  The 
Psalms  celebrate  His  entry  into  Heaven  as 
God -man — Mediator, — as  the  Anointed  One, 
assuming  in  the  view  of  all  the  mediatori- 
al kingdom — when  they  say,  "  Lift  up  your 
heads  oh  ye  gates;  and  be  ye  lift  up  ye  ever- 
lasting doors;  and  the  King  of  glory  shall 
come  in.  Who  is  this  king  of  glory?  The 
Lord  of  hosts,  he  is  the  King  of  glory. ''§ 

We  are  informed  by  Mark  that  **  He  was 
received  up  into  Heaven,  and  sat  on  the  right 

•  Luke  i.  32, 33.     f  Mat.  xxU.  43,  44.    i  Ps.  ex.  1.     |  Dan.  vii. 
13,14.    §  Pa.  xxiv,  7— 10, 


92 

hand  of  God;'^*— by  Paul  ^'  God— raised- 
Christ — from  the  dead,  and  set  him  at  his  own 
right  hand  in  the  heavenly  places. f  Let  all  the 
house  of  Israel  know  assuredly,  that  God  hath 
made  that  same  Jesus — both  Lord  and  Christ:"f 
declared  Him  Lord  over  all,  and  made  Him 
the  Messiah — the  Anointed  One — the  High- 
Priest,  King,  and  Prophet;  the  Head  of  all  in 
Zion.  Even  as  David  was  head  over  Israel, 
so  is  Christ  head  over  the  church.  The 
kingdom  is  given  to  Him  in  the  plenitude  of  its 
power.  Let  all,  then,  "  kiss  the  Son,  lest  he 
be  angry,  and  they  perish  from  the  way."|| 

Stephen  "  saw  the  glory  of  God,  and  Jesus 
standing  on  the  right  of  God. ^  When  he  had 
by  himself  purged  our  sins,  he  sat  down  on  the 
right  hand  of  the  majesty  on  high^'U — the 
throne  of  "  majesty  in  the  Heavens."** 

He  is  there  seated,  "  expecting  till  his  ene- 
mies be  made  his  footstool. ft  We  must  reign 
till  he  hath  put  all  enemies  under  his  feet. ''J J 
The  prophecy  of  the  Revelations  shall  be  ful- 
filled;— there  shall  be  heard  "  great  voices  in 
Heaven,  saying,  The  kingdoms  of  this  world 
are  become  the  kingdoms  of  our  Lord  and  of 
hisChrist.^'llll 

In  the  exercise  of  that  power,  He  destroyed 
Jerusalem,   and  scattered  abroad  his  foes;  He 

♦  Mark  xvi.  19.     f  Eph.  i.  20.     t  Acts  ii.  36.     i  Ps.  ii. 
^  Acts  vii.  55     1  Heb.  i.  3.     *•  Heb.  viii.  1. 
ft  Heb.  X.  13.    \\  1  Cor.  xv.  25.    flU  Rev.  xi.  15. 


93 

converted  the  Roman  empire,  and  multitudes 
of  other  Gentiles^,  to  the  faith; — He  has  carried 
on  the  affairs  of  His  kingdom  upon  earth,  de- 
fended it  from  foes,  purified  it  by  persecutions — 
overruling  the  evil  passions,  and  guilty  doings 
of  men  to  the  good  of  His  people.  Even  now 
He  goes  on  sending  abroad  His  light  and  His 
truth;  and  even  now  He  is  saying  to  His  tri- 
umphant Church,  '^  lengthen  thy  cords  and 
strengthen  thy  stakes,'^*  for  the  abundance  of 
the  Gentiles  shall  be  given  unto  thee.  He  will 
exercise  power — He  will  ^'  overturn  and  over- 
turn," till  all  the  ends  of  the  earth  shall  give 
him  glory;  till  all  the  nations  of  the  world  sliall 
bow  down  and  worsliip.f 

When  His  designs  upon  earth  shall  be  finish- 
ed, then  shall  He  come  in  the  plenitude  of  His 
Divinity,  to  distribute  unto  all  according  to 
their  cliaracter.  He  shall  "  say  to  the  north, 
Give  up;  and  to  the  south.  Keep  not  back;  bring 
my  sons  from  far,  and  my  daughters  from  the 
ends  of  the  earth.  He  shall  send  His  angels — 
and  they  shall  gather  together  his  elect  from 
the  four  winds,  from  one  end  of  heaven  to  the 
other.^f  He  shall  cause  the  trump  to  be  heard, 
saying,  "  0  death,  I  will  be  thy  plagues;  O 
grave,  I  will  be  thy  destruction.''  On  the 
throne  shall  His  human  nature  sit,  and  it  shall 
appear  with  the  ensigns  of  the  Godhead.     The 

*  Isaiah  liv.  and  Lx.    f  Phil.  ii.  10, 11.    :|:  Matt.  sxiv.  31. 


9^ 

universe  shall  swell  His  retinue,  and  in  view 
of  all  will  He  distribute  judgment. 

We  shall  see  Him  come  again  ^^with  power 
and  great  glory'' — Hark!  'tis  the  voice  of  the 
archangel!  **  Mountains  fall  on  us!  hills  cover 
us!" — is  the  cry  of  myriads.*  "They  look 
on"  Him  "  whom  they  have  pierced."  He 
comes!  He  comes!  Ten  thousand  hosts  sur- 
round  Him  as  He  moves  along  the  sky. — ''  Ga- 
ther my  saints  together  unto  me!" — They  rise. 
How  beautiful!  How  glorious!  Surely  like 
His  own  most  "  glorious  body."  They  rise, 
they  "  shout — their  redemption"  now  is  "nigh. 
Come,  ye  blessed  of  ray  Father,  inherit  the 
kingdom  prepared  for  you  from  the  foundation 
of  the  world."  But  who  are  they  along  the 
left? — "  weeping  and  wailing  and  gnashing  of 
teeth!" — ^Where  are  now  their  gaudy  joys? 
their  idols  where?  A  cloud  envelops  them. — 
"Depart!" — they  sink — "Depart  ye  cursed, 
into  everlasting  fire,  prepared  for  the  devil  and 
his  angels!" 

•  Yes,  "the  Lord — shall  descend  from  heaven 
with  a  shout,  with  the  voice  of  the  archangel, 
and  with  the  trump  of  God:  and  the  dead  in  Christ 
shall  rise  first.  Then  we  which  are  alive  and  re- 
main, shall  be  caught  up  together  with  them  in  the 
clouds,  to  meet  the  Lord  in  the  air.f  Behold, 
the  Lord  cometh  with  ten  thousand  of  his  saints, 

*  Luke  xxiii.  30.    f  1  Thess.  iv.  16. 17, 


95 

to  execute  judgment  upon  all,  and  to  convince 
all  that  are  un^godly  among  them,  of  all  their 
ungodly  deeds  which  they  have  ungodly  com- 
mitted, and  of  all  their  hard  speeches  which 
ungodly  sinners  have  spoken  against  him.* 
He  cometh  in  the  glory  of  his  Father^  with  the 
holy  angels. ''t 

Having  prepared  "  a  place  for"  them,  He 
comes  to  take  His  people  to  Himself,  that 
where  he  is  there  they  may  be  also,} — Having 
created  the  world,  having  exercised  a  preserv- 
ing power,  having,  above  all,  died  as  its  Re- 
deemer, He  comes  to  wind  up  all  its  eventful 
history,  by  sitting  upon  all  in  judgment.  "  Be- 
fore him''  are  "  gathered  all  nations."||  As 
He  was  once  "  a  man  of  sorrows''  among  men, 
He  vindicates  His  majesty  by  appearing  in  the 
splendours  of  the  Godhead.  As  His  people  have 
been  vilified,  and  abused,  and  persecuted.  He 
comes  to  maintain  their  cause.  He  sits  ^'  in 
the  throne  judging  right."  As  here  His  blood 
has  flowed,  as  here  His  spirit  has  been  sent, 
as  here  His  Gospel  has  been  published,  and, 
by  many,  rejected.  He  comes  to  show  that  He 
is  just.  Taking  to  Himself  the  multitudes  of 
believers.  He  consigns  to  their  place  the  throng 
of  the  guilty;  and  thus,  in  the  face  of  all  the 
Universe,  proves  that  He  is  just,  even  while  He 
is  merciful.     His  "  fan  is  in  his  hand,  aud  he 

*  Jude  xiv.  15.    f  Mark  viii.  38.    t  3  John  xiv.  2,  3. 
II  Matt.  XXV.  32. 


96 

thoroughly'^  purges  "  his  floor,  and''  gathers 
"  his  wheat  into  the  garner,  but"  burns  '^  up 
the  chaff  with  unquenchable  fire."* 

Then,  beloved,  He  will  demand  an  account 
of  the  talents  committed  to  our  care;  and,  ac- 
cording as  we  have  used  or  abused  them,  will 
He  pronounceus  blessed  or  cursed.  Then  will 
He  require  the  account  of  our  stewardship,  and 
according  as  we  have  been  faithful,  will  He 
take  away  our  office,  or  continue  it  with  higher 
trust. 

Then  will  He  "  bring  every  work  into  judg- 
ment, with  every  secret  thing,  whether  it  be 
good,  or  whether  it  be  evil."t 

Then  will  He  cause  a  revelation  of  the  secret 
characters  of  all.  The  hidden  motives  which 
have  actuated  men,  will  be  laid  open,  and,  as 
we  have  been  in  our  inmost  soul,  will  He  de- 
cide our  fate. 

"  It  is  appointed  unto  men  once  to  die,  but 
after  this  the  judgment.  J  God  hath  appointed 
a  day,  in  the  wliich  he  will  judge  the  world  in 
righteousness  by  that  man  whom  he  hath  or- 
dained; whereof  he  hath  given  assurance  unto 
all  men,  in  that  he  hath  raised  him  from  the 
dead."||  All  power  being  placed  in  the  hands 
of  Christ,  and  He  being  seated  in  the  tlirone  of 
dominion.  He,  in  the  exercise  of  that  power, 
will  pronounce  upon  you  and  me. 

*  Matt.  iii.  12.    f  Eccl.  xli.  14.    %  Heb.  ix.  27.     I  Acts  xvii.  31. 


97 

And  shall  we  not  prepare?  Does  it  not  be- 
come us  to  enquire  whether  we  are  ready  to 
confront  His  scrutiny?  We  can  never^  meet 
Hira  in  any  other  way  than  that  appointed  by 
Himself.  Are  we  believers  then?  Have  we 
reason  to  suppose  that  we  are  truly  devoted  to 
Him  in  heart  and  in  soul? 

Methinks,  if  before  the  tribunal  of  our  coun- 
try we  were  expecting  to  appear,  we  should 
ask  ourselves  what  was  our  probability  of  es- 
cape: and  shall  it  not  excite  some  thought  in  us 
— how  we  shall  appear  before  ^'  the  Judge  of 
quick  and  dead?^^ 

Where  will  you  hide  yourself,  oh  mortal! 
Will  you  'Uake  the  wings  of  the  morning,  and 
dwell  in  the  uttermost  parts  of  the  sea'"?  Will 
you  "  ascend  up  into  Heaven, — or — make  your 
bed  in  Hell?''  Will  you  sit  weaving  your  spe- 
culations about  whether  God  is  a  man  that  He 
should  lie?  or,  in  other  words,  whether  He 
will  fulfil  His  sayings? — You  must  stand  in 
your  place,  and,  if  you  have  not  received  His 
terms  of  salvation,  you  must  be  damned.* 

Truly  it  is  most  presumptuous  in  beings  of  an 
hour  to  hesitate  whether  God  shall  save  them 
in  the  way  He  pleases;  or  whether  they  shall 
be  pleased,  in  the  plenitude  of  their  condescen- 
sion, to  accept  His  proffered  boon! 

The  message  is  a  short  one.  ''  He  that  be- 
lieveth  on  the  Son   hath  everlasting  life:  He 

*  Mark  xvi.  16, 

9 


98 

that  believeth  not  the  Son,  shall  not  see  life; 
but  the  wrath  of  God  abidkth  on  him."^- 
Makg  your  election.  Yonder  is  the  messenger 
deatli.  He  is  riding  on  the  clouds  of  perhaps 
this  very  month,  and  you,  when  once  beyond 
this  world,  are  sealed  up  as  to  your  everlasting 
destiny. 

Prepare  yourselves  then  without  delay. 
"  Seek  the  Lord  while  he  may  be  found,  call 
ye  upon  him  while  he  is  near.  Remember 
there  is  no  work,  nor  device,  nor  knowledge, 
nor  wisdom,  in  the  grave,  whither^f  ye  has- 
ten. Make  ready  for  that  period,  when  the 
power  of  Satan  shall  be  wholly  overthrown, 
and  the  kingdom  of  death  shall  be  utterly  de- 
stroyed, and  the  progress  of  sin  among  the 
works  of  creation,  shall  be  annihilated  forever: 
— when  all  unbelievers — the  covetous,  the 
lustful,  the  disobedient — every  one  w^ho  exalt- 
eth  himself  against  the  knowledge  of  God, 
shall  be  cast  iato  "  the  lake  which  burneth 
with  fire  and  brimstone:  which  is  the  second 
death.'^J 

Be  ye,  beloved,  who  are  following  the  foot- 
steps of  the  Saviour,  ''  not  weary  in  well  do- 
ing;  for  in  due  season  ye  shall  reap,  if  ye  faint 
not;'' II  not  even  "  a  cup  of  cold  water"  shall 
be  without  its  reward.§ 

♦  John  iii.  36.    t  ^ccl.  ix.  10.     \  Rev.  xxi.  8.    ||  Gal.  vi.  9. 
§  Matt.  X.  42. 


99 


VIII. 

The  Lord  is  that  Spirit, — 2  Cor.  iii.  17. 

Great  as  was  the  atonement  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christy  there  was  another  gift  necessary 
to  complete  man's  salvation.  What  though 
the  load  of  guilt  was  heaved  from  off  him,  if 
he  remained  with  his  native  propensities  in  full 
operation,  he  would  replace  that  load.  The 
goodness  of  Grod  designed  to  raise  him  to  ho- 
liness and  consequent  happiness,  hut,  without 
some  renovating  influence  exerted  upon  him, 
this  must,  of  course,  continue  impossihle.  The 
Almighty  was  pleased,  therefore,  to  add  to  the 
gift  of  His  Son,  the  operations  of  His  Spirit. 

Our  Divine  master,  having  heen  ^'  delivered 
for  our  offences,  and  raised  again''*  in  tri- 
umph, ascended  to  the  presence  of  the'  Father 
to  procure  for  us  the  Comforter. f  This,  w  hich 
is  also  the  Sanctifier,  is  denominated  the  Holy 
Ghost. 

In  the  5th  Article  we  speak  of  Him  thus — 
'^  The  Holy  Ghost,  proceeding  from  the  Father 
and  the  Son,  is  of  one  Suhstance,  Majesty  and 
Glory  with  the  Father  and  the  Son,  very  and 
eternal  God." 

This  Divine  Personage  is  announced  in  the  ve- 
ry commencement  of  the  scriptures — ''  The  Spi- 

♦liom.  iv.  25.     t  Jolin  xiv,  and  xvi. 


100 

rit  of  God  moved  upon  the  face  of  the  waters.^'* 
^^  By  his  Spirit,*'  says  Job,  ''  he  garnished  the 
heavens.'^!  And  again,  '^  the  Spirit  of  God  hath 
made  me.'*{  "  Whither  shall  T  go  from  thy 
Spirit!''||  exclaims  the  psalmist.  Isaiah  and  the 
other  propliets  speak  of  Him;  and  throughout 
the  New  Testament  He  is  prominently  pre- 
sented to  view. 

He  is  represented  as  performing  two  classes 
of  works:  the  one  usually  denominated  extra- 
ordinary, the  other  ordinary. 

His  extraordinary  influences  are  those  by 
which  He  endowed  persons  with  ability  to 
perform  supernatural  acts.  Thus,  He  assisted 
the  judges:  He  enlightened  the  prophets:  He 
inspired  the  Holy  men  who  declared  the  truth 
of  God: — they  "  spake  as  they  were  moved  by 
the  Holy  Ghost.''§.  In  later  ages,  He  enabled 
the  apostles  to  work  miracles;  and,  by  mighty 
^^  signs  and  wonders,''*[r  gave  testimony  to  the 
truth  of  their  word. 

The  ordinary  influences  are  those  which  re- 
new the  heart;  spoken  of  by  our  Lord  to  Ni- 
codemus,  when  He  said  "Except  a  man  be  born 
again  he  can  not  see  the  kingdom  of  God.''** 
These  were  essential  to  individual  salvation  at 
all  past  times,  are  essential  now,  and  shall 
continue  essential  to  the  end  of  time.     "  No 

*  Gen.  i.  2.     f  Job  xxvi.  13.     ^  Job  xxxiii.4.      (I  Ps.  cxxxix.  7. 
^  2  Peter  i.  21.    1  Heb.  ii.  4.    **  John  iii.  3. 


101 

man  can  say  that  Jesus  is  the  Lord,  but  by  the 
Holy  Ghost/^* 

The  extraordinary  operations  were  vouch- 
safed from  time  to  time,  as  they  were  necessary 
to  set  the  seal  to  a  revelation  from  above.  The 
ordinary  have  been  and  are  extended,  at  all 
times,  and  under  all  circumstances.  Blessed 
be  God!  we  are  invited  to  approach  the  throne, 
with  the  assurance  that  Our  "  Heavenly  Fa- 
ther" will  "  give  the  Holy  Spirit  to  them  that 
ask  him.'^f 

That  the  Holy  Spirit,  while  one  in  essence 
with  the  Father  and  the  Son,  exists  distinct  in 
person,  we  are  informed  by  a  great  variety  of 
passages.  Our  Saviour  declares  both  the  Trin- 
ity and  the  Unity  when  He  says  "  The  Com- 
forter— whom  I  will  send  unto  you  from  the 
Father — he  shall  testify  of  me. ''J — A2;ain, 
in  the  command  to  baptize  ''  in  the  name  of  the 
Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy 
Ghost." II  At  the  baptism  of  Christ,  where  the 
whole  Trinity  was  manifested,  the  Spirit  was 
present,  distinct  from  the  Father  and  the  Son.§» 

But,  as  we  have  stated  already,  the  variety 
of  passages  revealing  the  distinct  personality  of 
the  Spirit  is  great.  Thus,  we  are  told,  "  Grieve 
not  the  Holy  Spirit."^  The  act  of  an  indivi- 
dual  person  is    mentioned,  when  it  is  said, 

♦  1  Cor.  xii.  3.  t  Luke  xi.  13.  t  John  xt.  26.  8  Mat.  xxvili.  19. 
§  Mat.  iii.16.    %  Ephes.  iv.  30. 

9* 


^^The  Spirit  itself  maketh  intercession  for  us 
with  groaningswliich  can  not  be  uttered."*  Tliis 
intercession  is  with  the  Father.  He  "worketli'^ 
spiritual  gifts,  "  dividing  to  every  man"  ac- 
cording to  His  '^  will.^f  He  spake  to  Peter, 
Arise  and  depart. J  He  spake  to  the  prophets 
and  teachers  at  Antioch,  saying  "  separate  me 
Barnabas  and  Saul  for  the  work  w hereunto  I 
have  called  them.||  The  Comforter,  says 
Christ,  which  is  the  Holy  Ghost, — shall  teach 
you  all  things,  and  bring  all  things  to  your  re- 
membrance, whatsoever  I  have  said  unto  you.§) 
If  1  go  not  away,  the  Comforter  will  not  come 
unto  you.  When  he  is  come,  he  will  reprove 
the  world  of  sin,  and  of  righteousness,  and  of 
judgment.  He  will  guide  you  into  all  truth. ''^ 

The  Spirit  is  spoken  of  as  one  who  can  be 
sinned  against,  and  a  contrast  drawn  between 
sin  against  the  Son  and  against  the  Holy  Ghost. 
"  All  manner  of  sin  and  blasphemy  shall  be 
forgiven  unto  men:  but  the  blasphemy  against 
the  Holy  Ghost  shall  not  be  forgiven  unto  men. 
And  whosoever  speaketh  a  word  against  the 
Son  of  man,  it  shall  be  forgiven  him:  bat  who- 
soever speaketh  against  the  Holy  Ghost,  it  shall 
not  be  forgiven  him."** 

Christ,  speaking  by  His  prophet,  says,  "  The 

»  Rom.  viii.  26.    f  1  Cor.  xii.  11.    i  Acts  x.     ||  Acts  x.  2. 
^  John  xiv.  26.    1  John  xvi.  T,  8,  13.  **  Mat.  xli.  31,  33. 


103 

Lord  God  and  his  Spirit  hath  sent  me."*  The 
blcbc^n^  of  the  Hi^h  Priest  under  the  law 
taught  the  oflBce  of  the  Spirit:  the  blessing  of 
the  Gospel  is,  '^The  grace  of  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  and  the  love  of  God,  and  the  commu- 
nion of  the  Holy  Ghost,  be  with  yon  all.'^f 

"  Through''  the  Son,  "  we  have  access,  by 
one  Spirit,  unto  the  Father.J  God  sent  forth 
his  son — that  ye  might  receive  the  adoption  of 
sons;  and,  because  ye  are  sons,  God  hath  stnt 
forth  the  Spirit  of  his  Son  into  your  hearts.|| 
Christ  was  led  by  the  Spirit  into  the  wilder- 
ness.''§ 

We  could  not  well  conceive  of  more  explicit 
modes  of  setting  forth  the  distinct  personality 
of  the  spirit; — acting  separately  from  the  Fa- 
ther and  the  Son:  sinned  against:  interced- 
ing: commanding:  while,  at  the  same  time, 
united  with  the  Father  and  the  Son,  as  the 
fountain  of  blessing,  and  the  object  of  all  ser- 
vice. He  shall  "  abide"  with  you,  says  Christ: 
He  shall  "  guide"  you  into  all  truth:  He  shall 
•^  teach"  you; — shall  "  bring  all  things  to  your 
remembrance:"  He  shall  *^  convince  the  world 
of  sin."  All  these  things,  here  spoken  of  the 
Spirit,  can  not  be  supposed  of  a  mere  quality. 
A  quality  can  not  intercede;  or  command;  or 
create;  or  teach;  or  guide; — ''  all  these  worketh 

*  Is.  xlviii.  16.    t  2  Cor.  xiii.  14.     t  Epb.ii.  18.  ||  Gal.  iv.  4—6. 
Luke  iv.  1. 


104 

that  one  and  the  self  same  Spirit,  dividing  to 
every  man  severally  as  he  will."* 

That  the  Holy  Ghost  proceedeth  "  from  the 
Father  and  the  Son/'  we  are  taught  by  the  lan- 
guage of  Christ,  when  He  says,  "  The  Com- 
forter— whom  1  will  send  unto  you  from  the 
Father;  and,  the  Comforter  whom  the  Fa- 
ther will  send  in  my  name/'f 

But  the  great  point  is,  the  Divinity  of  the 
Holy  Ghost:  viz.:  that  "  the  Holy  Ghost— is 
of  one  substance,  majesty,  and  glory,  with  the 
Father  and  the  Son,  very  and  eternal  God.'' 

On  tliis  subject  scripture  is  very  full.  We 
have  already  seen  enough  to  instruct  us:  for 
that  against  which  an  unpardonable  sin  can  be 
committed,  that  which  is  the  author  of  miracu- 
lous operations,  which  is  the  source  of  know- 
ledge, which  commands  as  supreme  authority, 
is  no  less  than  God.  But  there  are  direct  tes- 
timonies  on  the  subject. 

Addressing  Annanias,  who  had  been  guilty 
of  falsehood,  Peter  says,  "  Why  hath  Satan 
filled  thine  heart  tolie  to  the  Holy  Ghost? — thou 
bast  not  lied  unto  men  but  unto  God. "J  Paul 
informs  us,  "  The  Lord  is,  that  Spirit,  and, 
where  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  is,  there  is  liber- 
ty." ||  Such  power  hath  the  Spirit.  "  Know 
ye  not," — writes  this  Apostle  to  the  Corinthi- 

*  1  Cor.  xii.  11.    f  John  xiv.  and  xvi.     ^  Acts  v.  3. 4. 
I  2  Cor.  Ui.  17. 


105 

ans — "  Know  ye  not  that  your  body  is  the  tem- 
ple of  the  Holy  Ghost?''*  And,  again,  "  Know 
ye  not  that  ye  are  the  temple  of  God? f  ye 
are,"  says  he,  "  the  temple  of  the  living  God; 
as  God  hath  said,  I  will  dwell  in  them,  and 
walk  in  them;  and  I  will  be  their  God,  and  they 
shall  be   my  people.''^ 

"  The  Spirit  searcheth  all  things,  yea,  the 
deep  things  of  God."|| 

We  are  told  in  the  Acts,  the  Spirit  directed 
Philip  to  go  in  the  way  of  the  Eunuch;  and 
then,  that  'Him  Spirit  of  the  Lord  caught  away 
Philip."^ 

In  another  instance,  the  express  declaration 
that  the  Spirit  is  God  is  given,  where  the 
Apostle  prays,  ^^  Now  God  himself,  and  our 
Father,  and  our  Lord  Jesus  Christy  direct  our 
way  unto  you/'Tf 

It  is  said  ^^  Christ,  through  the  eternal  spirit, 
offered  himself  without  spot  to  God."** 

In  one  part  of  scripture,  we  are  informed, 
''  Holy  men  of  God  spake  as  they  were  mo\^ed 
by  the  Holy  Ghost;"tt  ^^^  ^^  another  that  this 
Holy  Ghost  is  one  with  the  Father;  for  Paul, 
writing  to  the  Hebrews,  says,  ^^  God,  who  at 
sundry  times  and  in  divers  manners,  spake  in 
time  past  unto  the  fathers  by  the  prophets. "Jij: 


*  1  Cor.  vi.  19.     1 1  Cor.  iii.  16.    t  2  Cor.  vi.  16. 

!l  1  Cor.  ii.  10.    §  Acts  viii.    H  1  Thes.  iii.  11. 

**  Heb.  ix.  14.   jt  2  Peter  i.  21.   n  Heb.  i.  1.— See  references^ 


106 

Tlie  great  work  of  renovation  performed  by 
the  Holy  Spirit  is,  itself,  sufficient  proof  of  His 
Divinity:  for  what  but  Almighty  energy  is 
equal  to  such  a  work?  In  creation,  as  has  been 
well  remarked,  the  Most  High  merely  made 
all  things  out  of  nothing;  but  in  renovation  He 
overcomes  the  most  rooted  opposition.  The 
enmity  of  the  heart  in  man  must  be  subdued. 
The  whole  complexion  of  the  inner  nature  must 
be  changed.  That  which  can  not  be  subject  to 
law  must  be  brought  to  delight  in  law.  Light 
must  be  brought  out  of  darkness;  life  out  of 
death;  love  out  of  hate.  And  who  but  God 
can  effect  it?  Yet  this  is  the  peculiar  office  of 
the  Holy  Spirit.  That  enlightens,  subdues, 
and  purities.  That  takes  of  the  things  that 
are  Christ's,  and  shows  them  unto  the  soul. — 
That  sweetly  constrains  and  leads  the  whole 
man  captive;  not  stopping  until  "  every  thought 
is  brought — into — obedience.'' 

The  raising  of  the  widow's  son  at  Nain  dis- 
played the  Divinity  of  the  Redeemer.  Speak- 
ing, as  He  did,  in  His  own  name,  He  showed 
that  He  exerted  no  borrowed  power.  Bring- 
ing from  the  grave  of  sin  unto  the  life  of  righ- 
teousnesss,  transforming  a  bondslave  of  Hell 
into  an  heir,  and,  eventually,  an  inhabitant  of 
Heaven,  displays  the  Divinity  of  the  Spirit. — 
In  the  former  instance,  the  soul  obeyed  the 
summons  of  one  person  of  the  Godhead,  and 


107 

returned  to  a  union  with  tlie  body;  in  the  latter, 
the  soul  submits  itself  to  a  new  inodelliui;;  re- 
ceives a  new  tendency;  adopts  a  new  service; 
becomes  entirely  a  new  creature.  Renovation, 
therefore,  is  a  more  powerful  proof  of  Divinity 
than  resurrection.  Both  require  the  power  of 
God^  and  the  Spirit  and  the  Redeemer  are 
equal  in  the  possession  of  that  power;  but,  in 
the  act  we  have  mentioned,  the  Spirit  puts  forth 
a  larger  measure  of  that  power. 

In  contemplating  the  character  of  the  Spirit, 
we  may  learn  what  is  our  privilege  and  our 
duty. 

We  are,  evidently,  called  to  the  exercise  of 
admiring  gratitude. 

What  but  the  Divine  mind  could  have  de- 
vised such  a  method  of  salvation — so  consonant 
to  the  justice  and  mercy  of  the  Godhead,  and, 
at  the  same  time,  so  overwhelming  in  infinite 
goodness  to  us.  That,  not  only  the  Son  of 
God  should  be  given  to  unite  Himself  to  our 
nature,  and  thus  become  the  atonement  for  our 
sins,  but  that  the  Spirit  of  God  should  be  add- 
ed, to  renew  the  lost  image  of  our  Maker,  and 
give  us  tendencies,  and  capabilities,  and  a  per- 
fect suitableness  for  everlasting  joy; — that  the 
Father  should  ^^  so'^  love  '^  the  world"  as  to 
give  "  his  only- begotten  Son,''  and  that  the 
Son  should  so  plead  for  us  as  to  procure  the 
renovating  Spirit: — this  is  a  theme  which  must 


108 

employ  the  faculties  of  the  redeemed  through- 
out eternity.  Oh  the  depth! — must  be  our 
present  exclamation.  We  see  all  the  attributes 
of  the  Deity  in  perfect  harmony  moving: — each 
one  not  moving  a  step  without  the  concurrence 
of  all;  and  all  so  moving  as  to  manifest  that 
God  is  love:  "Mercy  and  Truth"  meeting 
''  together:  Righteousness  and  Peace'^  kiss- 
ing each  other:"  and  both,  in  lovely  har- 
mony, visiting  our  world,  to  open  upon  its  inha- 
bitants the  hope  and  the  joy  of  Heaven. 

One  duty  resting  upon  us  is,  to  give  unto  the 
Spirit  the  honour  due  unto  Him.  When  Be- 
zaleel  was  selected  to  make  ready  the  curious 
workmanship  of  the  tabernacle,  it  was  said  that 
he  was  prepared  by  the  Spirit.*  When  the  se- 
venty elders  were  set  apart  for  the  assistance 
of  Moses,  the  Spirit  was  taken  and  given  unto 
them.t  Sampson  and  the  men  of  might  were 
prepared  by  the  Spirit. f  David  gave  to  Solo- 
mon the  pattern  of  all  things  which  he  had  by 
the  Spirit.  II  Even  the  ploughman  is  said  to  be 
enlightened  of  God.§»  We  may  learn  from  all 
this,  that,  even  though  miraculous  operations 
have  passed  away,  it  is  of  God,  and  of  the  Spi- 
rit of  God,  that  men  receive  their  various  en- 
dowments. The  very  mind  is  created  of  God, 
and  if  that  mind  have  bestowed  upon  it  any 

♦Exodus  xxxi.    f  Num.  xi.    ±  Judges.    |1 1  Chron.  xxyiii.  12. 
%  Is.  xxviii.  26. 


109 

extraordinary  power,  we  should  remember  it 
is  from  God,  and  give  to  Him  the  glory. — 
That  arrogating  to  self  the  credit  of  skill  and 
ability,  instead  of  rendering  to  God  the  glory, 
is  but  a  subordinate  species  of  practical  athe- 
ism. 

Again:  As  the  Holy  Oracles  are  from  the 
Spirit,  we  are  to  receive  them  w  ith  reverence, 
and  bow  to  their  majesty  our  feeble  apprehen- 
sion. What  would  you  say  of  a  man  wlio 
should  endeavour  to  mend  the  planetary  sys- 
tem, or  to  alter  the  arrangements  of  the  uni- 
verse? The  same  may  you  say  of  him  who  at- 
tempts, by  his  paltry  emendations,  to  change 
the  volume  of  truth.  Both  are  alike  from  God. 
Both  are  the  result  of  the  operations  of  the 
Spirit.  We  are  to  sit  down  with  reverence 
to  learn  of  the  Spirit,  thankful  that  we  have 
Him  to  guide  us  into  all  truth. 

Again:  We  have  no  miraculous  operations 
passing  in  review  before  us,  and,  therefore, 
there  is  no  danger  of  our  falling  into  the  error 
of  the  Jews,  in  the  same  particular  with  them — 
ascribing  miracles  to  the  power  of  the  devil; 
but  it  is  very  possible  for  us  to  fall  into  it  in 
other  respects:  viz:  in  attributing  the  ordinary 
operations  of  the  Spirit  to  the  delusions  of 
Satan. 

Certain  it  is  that  the  heart  of  man  is  changed 
[by  the  Holy  Ghost.     It  is  that  blessed  Spirit 

10 


110 

^vliich  enables  the  mind  to  apprehend  the  truth, 
and  the  heart  to  love  it.  All  the  work  of  re- 
novation is  the  work  of  the  Spirit.  When, 
then,  we  entitle  this  work  enthusiastic,  and 
confound  those  who  are  the  subjects  of  it  with 
fanatics  and  madmen,  do  we  not  sin  against  the 
Holy  Ghost?  Those  who  are  not  willing  to 
seek  the  Spirit  for  themselves^  should  be  very 
cautious  not  to  aggravate  their  own  condemna- 
tion, by  deriding  or  underrating  His  work  in 
others.  There  are  undoubtedly  weaknesses 
in  men  which  mingle  themselves,  and  wliich 
are,  sometimes,  mistaken  for  the  operations  of 
the  Spirit;  but,  even  in  speaking  of  them,  it 
becomes  us  to  speak  with  caution.  Instead  of 
dogmatic  condemnation,  or  loud  raillery,  we 
should  rather  exercise  tenderness;  aware  that 
we  ourselves  may  be  mistaken,  and,  haply,  be 
found  fighting  against  God. 

We  should  be  careful  to  '^  try  the  Spirit,'^ 
each  for  himself.  "Who  art  thou  that  judgesf' 
thy  brother?  Each  for  himself  should  compare 
his  experience  with  the  word  of  God:  Each 
for  himself  should  avoid  the  illusions  of  fancy: 
Each  for  himself  should  see  that  he  has  the 
«  fruits  of  the  Spirit." 

We  should  be  careful  not  to  suppose  that 
the  Spirit  makes  any  new  revelation.  The 
volume  is  sealed,  and  a  wo  is  pronounced 
against  us  if  we  add  to  or  diminish.^ 

*Rev.  xxii,  18, 19. 


Ill 

We  should  be  careful  not  to  dogmatize  about 
the  peculiar  set  of  speculative  opinions  which 
we  for  ourselves  may  draw  out  of  the  scrip- 
tures. In  talking  about  "  the  things  of  the 
Spirit,''  we  should  remember  that  we  are  on 
holy  ground,  and  so  far  from  allowing  the  vio- 
lence of  our  selfish  feelings  to  be  manifested, 
and  a  lust  for  supremacy  in  argument  to  break 
forth,  we  should  ratlier  be  disposed  to  bow 
down  and  worship. 

Each  for  himself — we  should  all  be  careful 
to  secure  for  ourselves  the  operations  of  the 
Spirit.  If  we  be  not  "  renewed  in  the  temper" 
of  our  "  minds,"  we  can  never  enter  the  king- 
dom of  Heaven.  We  ought  then  to  enquire — 
Have  we  been  transformed?  Are  we  now  add- 
ing to  "  faith  virtue;  and  to  virtue  knowledge; 
and  to  knowledge  temperance;  and  to  temper- 
ance patience;  and  to  patience  godliness;  and 
to  godliness  brotherly  kindness;  and  to  bro- 
therly kindness  charity."  If  we  find  we  are 
not,  we  should  immediately  ''  seek  the  Lord," 
for  the  aid  of  His  Spirit.  We  shall  never  have 
another  opportunity  of  obtaining  its  holy  aid. 
If  we  go  out  of  this  world  without  them,  we 
must  dwell  with  the  depraved  forever. 

"  The  Lord  opened"  the  "  heart  of  Lydia:"* 
He  can,  beloved;  open  your  hearts.  ''  Faith  is 

t  Acts.  xvi.  14. 


lis 

His  gift:*  repentance  and  remission  are  entirely 
from  Him.f  You  must  seek  tliem  if  you  would 
obtain. 

The  forerunner  of  Christ  declared  He  should 
^^  baptize  with  the  Holy  Ghost. ^^  Approach 
unto  Jesus,  and  you  may  obtain  that  baptisra.J 

''  The  natural  man  receiveth  not  the  things 
of  the  Spirit  of  God.'^||  Implore,  then,  the  Spi- 
rit; if  you  would  not  abide  in  darkness. 

"  According  to'^  God's  ''  mercy,  he"  saveth 
"us,  by  the  washing  of  regeneration  and  renew- 
ing of  the  Holy  Ghost.^^§  We  are  washed, 
we  are  sanctified,  we  are  justified,  in  the 
name  of  the  Lord  Jesus,  and  by  the  Spirit  of 
our  God.^ — Ah  then,  beloved  hearers — the 
\vhole  congregation — draw  nigh  to  the  fountain 
of  the  Spirit,  and  never  rest  until  you  obtain  its 
renovating  impulse. 

Have  you  been  "  enlightened"?  Have  you 
"'^  tasted  of  the  Heavenly  gift?"  Implore  the 
Spirit  to  lead,  to  strengthen,  to  comfort  you. 
''  As  many  as  are  led  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  they 
are  the  sons  of  God."** — The  prayer  of  David, 
"  Take  not  thy  Holy  Spirit  from  me,"tt  it  be- 
comes all  to  offer. 

Without  "  holiness — no  man  shall  see  the 
Lord,"tt  and  the  Spirit  it  is  that  is  the  Author 

♦Eph.  ii.  8.  fActs  v.  31.  +  Matt.  iii.  11.  Ill  Cor.  ii.  14. 
$  Titus  iii.  5.  t  1  Cor.  vi.  11.  ♦*Rom.  viii.  14.  ffPs.  Ii.  H. 
\\  Heb.  xii.  14. 


113 

of  all- holiness.  Living  "  in  the  Spirit/'  we 
walk  in  the  Spirit,  and  do  not  fulfill  the  lusts 
of  the  flesh:* — we  crucify  "  the  flesh  with  the 
aflPections  and  lustsi'^f — we  ^^put  off — the  old 
man  which  is  corrupt: J — we  adorn  the  doc- 
trine of  God  our  Saviour.'^ll 

Without  the  Spirit  there  is  no  comfort.  *^  Up- 
hold me  with  thy  free  Spirit/"' §  we  should 
continually  pray. — "  The  love  of  God  is  shed 
abroad  in  our  hearts  by  the  Holy  Ghost.^f — 
The  Spirit  itself  beareth  witness  with  our  spi- 
rit, that  we  are  the  children  of  God.** — The 
God  of  hope"  fills  us  ^^  with  all  joy  and  peace  in 
believing,  that"  we  "  may  abound  in  hope, 
through  the  power  of  the  Holy  Ghost.^ff 

Without  the  Spirit  we  can  never  overcome 
the  enemies  of  our  souls.  With  the  Spirit 
"  we  are  more  than  conquerors."  We  are 
^^strengthened  with  might  by  his  Spirit  in  the 
inner  man."JJ 

♦  Gal.  V.  16.  t  Gal.  v.  24.  ^  Eph-  ir  22.  I  Tit.  ii.  10.  §  Vs. 
li.  12.  ^  Rom.  V.  5.  *♦  Rom.  vlH.  ic>.  ff  Rom.  xv.  13.  \i  Eph. 
iii.  16. 

10* 


114 


REFERENCES. 


Character  of  our  Lord. 

Gen.  iii.  15;  xii.  1—3  compare  Gal.  iii.  8,  16  and  Mat.  i.  1; 
Genesis  xiv.  17 — 22,  with  Hebrews  vii.  1 — 10;  Genesis  xxvi. 
2—5,24;  xxviii.  13,  14;  xlviii.  15,  16;  xlix.  10,  18;  Exodus  xvii. 

7,  with  1  Corintliians  x.  9;  Numbers  xxiv,  17;  Deut.  xviii.  15 — 19; 
1  Sam.  ii.  10;  Job  xix.  25—27;  Psalm  ii.  with  Acts  iv.  25,  26, 
xiii.  33,  Hebrews  i.  5  and  v.  5;  Psalm  viii.  with  Hebrews  ii.  6—9; 
Psalm  xvi.  with  Acts  ii.  31  and  xiii.  35;  Psalm  xxii.  quoted  20 
times  in  the  New  Testament;  Psalm  xxiii.  with  John  x.  16,  1 
Peter  V.  4,  again  Psalm  c.  3  with  John  X.  3,  xxi.  16  and  1  Peter 
V.  2;  Psalm  xxiv;  xl.  with  Hebrews  x.  1 — 14;  Psalm  xlv.  with 
Heb.i.  8,  9;  Psalm  Ixviii.  17,  18  with  Eph.  iv.  7,  8;  Psalm  Ixix; 
Ixxii;  Ixxviii.  56  with  1  Cor.  x.  9;  Ps.  Ixxxix.  with  Col.  i.  15  and 
Rev.  xix.  16;  Psalm  xcvii.  7  with  Heb.  i.  6;  Psalm  cii.  with  Heb.  i. 
10—12;  Ps.  cvi.  14  with  1  Cor.  x.  9;  Ps.  ex.  with  Mat.  xxii.  41—45; 
Prov.  viii.  with  1  Cor.  i.24,  Col.  ii.  3,  and  Heb.  i.  1—3;  Prov. 
XXX.  4;  2  Sam.  vii.  14  with  Heb.  i.  5;  Amos  iv.  10, 11;  vi.  8;  Hos.  i. 
6,  7  with  Luke  ii.  11;  Hos.  iii.  5;  xi.  1;  xii.  3 — 5;  Isaiah  ii.  22  with 
Psalm  xlix.  7,  8;  Isaiah  vii,  14  with  Mat.  i.  18 — 23;  Isaiah  viii. 
13 — 15  with  1  Peter  ii.  7,  8  and  Rom.  ix.  33;  Isaiah  ix.  6;  ix.  7 
with  Luke  i.  31,  32;  Isaiah  xi.  1 — 3  with  Rom.  xv.  12,  compare 
Mat.  xii.  21,  and  Jer.  xvii.  5;  Isaiah  xxviii.  16;  xxxv.  3 — 5  with 
Mat.  xi.  2—6;  Isaiah  xl.  3—5  with  Mark  i.  3;  Isaiah  xl.  9,  10  with 
liev.  xxii.  12;  Isaiah  xl.  11  wkh  John  x;  Isaiah  xliv.  6  with  Rev.  i. 

8,  11  and  xxii.  13;  Isaiah  xlv.  15;  ^ly.  22,  23  with  Rom.  xiv.  9-12, 
and  Phil.  ii.  10;  Isaiah  xlv.  24,  25  vTi-^  i  Cor.  i.  30,  31;  Isaiah 
xlviii.  17;  Iii.  7  with  Rom.  x.  15;  Isaiah  lUi.  13  &c.;  liv.  5  with 
John  iii.  29;  Isaiah  Iv.  4  with  Acts  xiii;  Isaiah  Viii.  1—6;  Micah  v. 
2;  Jer.  xvii.  5 — 8  with  general  tenor  of  scripture;  Jer.  xxiii.  5, 6; 
x'xxiii.  15,  16;  Ez.  liv.  23,  24,  29;  Dan.  ii.  24,  25,  44,  45;  vii.  13, 
14;  ix.  17,  25,  24—27;  Hag.  ii.  6—9;  Zech.  ii.  10,  11;  iii.  7,  8; 
vi.  12,  13;  ix.  9  with  Psalm  ii.  6  Jer.  xxiii.  5,  xxx.  9,  Hosea  iii.  5, 
John  i.  49,  compare  Mark  xi.  10,  and  Luke  xix.  38;  Zech.  x.  12; 
xi.  12,  13,  compare  Mat.  xxvii.  9, 10;  Zech.  xii.  10,  compare  John 
xix.  37;  Zech.  xiii.  7,  with  Phil.  ii.  6,  and  Zech.  ii.  8—111  Zech. 


115 

xiv.  5,  compare  Mat.  xvl.  27,  xxv.  31,  Mark  viii.  38;  Hos.  i.  T, 
Mai.  iii.  1;  iv.  2;  Mat.  i.  18—23;  ii.  11,  with  Psalm  Ixxii.  10; 
Mat.  ii.  27;  v.  16,  17;  viii.  3,  28,  29;  ix.  6,  with  Acts  ix.  17,  34; 
Mat.  xii.  8,  18,  compare  Is.  xlii.  1;  Mat.  xiv.  33;  xvi.  13 — 19; 
xvii.  5,  25,  26;  xviii.  19,  29;  xx.  28;  xxii.  41—45;  xxvi.  53, 
63—66;  xxvii.  54;  xxviii.  18—20;  Mark  iii.  11,  12;  Luke  i.  16, 
17;  i.  30—35;  i.  41—43;  i.  76—79;  ii.  8—14,  49;  ii.  25—32;  iii. 
16,  17;  iv.41;  xxii.  66^71;  xxiv.  49;  John  i.  1,  15—18,29—34, 
49;  i.  23,  compare  Isaiah  xl.  3;  ii.  16,  19;  iii.  13,  16,  27—36; 
V.  17—23;  vi.  32,  68,  69;  viii.  16,  18,  19,  23,  28,  29,  38,  42,  49, 
54,  56—59;  viii.  35,  36,  compare  Mat.  17,  24—27;  ix.  35—37; 
X.  15,  18,  23—29;  xi.  25,  26,  27;  xiii.  3;  xiv.;  xv.  15;  xvi.  12—14, 
25—30;  xvii.  1,  5,  8, 11,  21,  24, 25;  xix.  6, 7;  xx.  26—29;  xxiii.  8, 10; 
Acts  i.  24,  25,  with  John  ii.  25,  Heb.  iv.  12,  and  Rev.  ii.  23;  Acts  ii. 
24,  33;  iii.  14,  15;  vii.  52,  55—60;  viii.  37;  ix.  4—20;  x.  36;  xx.  28. 

Invocation  of  Christ, 

Mat.  vii.  21;  xviii.  20;  xxviii.  18,  19;  Luke  xxiv.  50—52;  John 
V.  14,  15,  22,  23;  xiv.  14;  Acts  i.  24,  25;  vii.  59,  60;  ix.  14,  21;  xxii. 

16,  17—21;  Rom.  i.  7;  x.  12—14;  xiv.  17,  18;  xvi.  20,  24;  1  Cor. 
i.  2;  2  Cor.  xii.  7—9;  Eph.  vi.  5—8  with  Col.  iii.  24;  Phil.  ii.  10, 
11;  2  Thes.  ii.  16,  17;  1  Tim.  i.  12;  2  Tim.  ii.  22;  iv.  18;  Heb.  i.  6; 
2  Peter  iii.  18;  2  John  iii;  Rev.  i.  5,  6;  v.  8—13;  vii.  10;  xxii.  20,  21. 

Testimony  of  Paul, 

Rom.  i.  3,  4,  with  Acts  ii.  30;  Rom.  viii,  29  with  xvi.  25,  Eph.  i.  4, 
iii.  11, Tit.  i.  2,  1  Pet  i.  20,  compare  2  Tim.  i.9, 10;  Rom.  viii.  32;  ix. 
5;  1  Cor.  ii.  8;  xv.  47;  xvi.  22;  2  Cor.  v.  18,  21;  viii.  ix;  Gal.  iv.  4,  5; 
Eph.  iii.  19;  iv.  9, 10;  Phil.  ii.  5—11;  iii.  20,  21;  iv.  13;  Col.  i.  16, 

17,  19;  ii.  3,9;  1  Tim.  iii.  16,  with  Mat.  x.  23,  John  i.  2,  Phil,  ii, 
6.  7,  John  i.  1,  2  Cor.  v.  19,  Rom.  ix.  5,  John  i.  14,  Is.  ix.  6;  2 
Tim.  iv.  7,  8;  Titus  ii.  13,  with  John  i.  1,  Rev.  xix.  17,  Is.  ix,  6, 
Rom.  ix.  5,  Col.  i.  23,  1  Tim.  i.  1,  H^b.  i;  ii.  9, 16;  iii.  1—6;  iv.  12, 

.13;  xii.  25,  26;  xiii.  8. 

Testimony  of  John. 

John  i.  1—14;  ii.  24,  25;  xiii.  3;  xx.  30,  31;  1  John  i.  4;  ii.l,  2; 
iii.  16;  iv.  2,  3, 9,  10, 14;  v.  7,  20;  Rev.  i.  4—6,  7,  8,  11,  17;  ii.  23, 
with  1  Kings  viii.  39;  Rev.  iv.  and  vth  chapters;  xix;  xxi.  9, 
10,22,  23;  xxii.  1,3,6,  12,13, 16,  with  Numbers  xxiv.  17,  and 
Mai.  iv.  2;  Rev.  xxii.  20. 


116 

Testimony  of  others. 

1  Peter  iii.  19,  20, 22;  2  Peter  i.  1,  with  Titus  ii.  13;  2  Peter  i. 
11, 16,  17;  ii.  1;  iii.  18;  James  ii.  1;  Jude  4,  24,  25. 

Doctrine  of  Sionement, 
Genesis  iii.  8, 21,  22;  iv.7;  vii.  2;  viii.  20,21;xv.9,  17;  xxii.  2; 
Exodus  X.  25;  xii.  5,  8,  21,  13,  23;  xviii.  12;  xxiv.  8;  xxviii.  38; 
xxix.  14;  XXX.  10, 12,  14, 16;  Lev.  i.  4,  4—9,  5;  iii.  2— 5;  iv.  2,  3, 
3—12,  13, 14, 13—22,  24,  28,  29;  v.  9, 10,  13, 16, 18;  vi.  7;  vii.  2; 
ix.  22, 24;  X.  17;  xvi.  5,  6,  7,  9,  10, 11, 15—28;  xvii.  11;  xix.  22; 
Num.  ix.  13;  XV.  24—28;  xvi.  46,  47,  48;  xix.  2;  Deut.  xii.  5,  6, 11, 
14;  xvi.  2;  1  Kings  xviii.  38;  1  Chron.  xxi.  26;  2  Chron.  vii.  1; 
xxix.  23;  XXX.  15,  16;  XXXV.  11;  Job  i.  5;  xlii.  7,  8;  Psalms  xl.  6,  7; 

I.  5,  16;  Isaiah  vii.  14;  ix.  6;  liii.  3,  4,  5—10,  11,  12;  Ezekiel  xiv. 
14;  xlv.  23;  Zech.  iii.  1;  Mai.  iii.  1;  Mat.  i.  21,  23;  n.  2,  11;  viii. 
17;  XX.  28;  xxvi.  26,  28,  31;  Mark  xiv.  24;  Luke  i.  31,  77;  John  i. 
1_14,  29;  iii.  13,  16;  xi.  50,  51,  52;  xiv,  6;  Acts  ii.  24;  iv.  12; 
viii.  32,  33,  35;  x.43;  xx.  28;  Rom.  iii.  24,  25,  26;  iv.  25;  v.  6—10, 

II,  16;  viii.  3,  32,  34;  ix.  5,  11;  x.  3;  1  Cor.  i.  23,  24;  v.  7;  xii.  12, 
15,  22,  24;  XV.  3;  2  Cor.  v.  14,  15,  18, 19—21;  Gal.  i.  4;  iii.  13, 
24;  Ephes.  i.  7;  ii.  16;  v.  2;  Phil.  ii.  6,  7,  8;  Col.  i.  14,  20,  21,  22; 
1  Tim.  ii.  6;  Titus  ii.  14;  Heb.  i.  3;  ii.  17;  vii.  25,  27;  ix.  7,  9;  ix. 
9—14,  22, 23, 24,  26;  x.  1, 10, 14, 18;  x.  12,  26,  22;  xi.  4;  xii.  2, 
24;  xiii.  11,20,  21;  1  Peter  i.  18,  19;  ii.24;  iii.  18;  1  John  ii.  2; 
Rev.  V.  9—12;  xiii.  8. 

"The  sum  of  what  the  scripture  reveals  about  this  great  truth, 
commonly  called  the  satisfaction  of  Christ,  may  be  reduced  to 
these  heads. — 1.  That  Adam  being  made  upright  sinned  against 
God,  and  all  his  posterity  in  him.  Gen.  i.  27;  iii  11;  Eccl.  vii,  29; 
Rom.  V.  12,  18, 19.  2.  That  by  this  sin  of  our  first  parents  all  men 
are  brought  into  a  slate  of  apostacy  from,  and  enmity  against  God. 
Gen.  vi.5;  Ps.  Ii.  5;  Rom.  iii.  23;  8,  7;  Ep.  ii.  1;  iv.  18;  Col.  ii. 
13.  3.  That  in  this  state  all  men  continue  in  sin  against  God,  and, 
of  themselves,  are  not  able  to  do  otherwise.  Rom.  iii.  10—12; 
vii.  15, 18,  19, 23.  4.  That  the  justice  and  holiness  of  God,  as  the 
moral  Governor  of  the  world,  require  the  punishment  of  sin.  Ex. 
xxxiv.  7;  Jos.  xxiv.  19;  Ps.  v.  4—6;  Hab.  i.  13;  Is.  xxxiii.  14;  Rom. 
i.  32;  iii.  5,  6;  2  Thes.  i  6;  Heb.  xii.  29.  5.  That  God  hath  also 
engaged  his  veracity  and  faithfulness  not  to  leave  sin  unpunished. 
Gen.  ii.  17;  Deut.  xxvii.  26;  Gal.  iii.  10.  6.  That  God,  out  of  his 
infinite  goodness,  grace,  and  love  to  mankind,  sent  his  only  Son 
to  save  and  deliver  them  out  of  this  condition.    Mat.  i.  21;  John 


117 

iii.  16,  17i  Rom.  v.  8;  1  John  iv.  9,  10;  1  Thes.  i.  10,  7.  That  the 
way  in  general,  whereby  the  Son  of  God,  being-  incarnate,  is  to 
save  lost  sinners,  was  by  a  substitution  of  himself,  in  the  room  of 
those  whom  he  was  to  save.  2  Cor.  v.  21;  Gal.  iii.  13;  Rom.  v.  7, 
8;  viii.  3;  1  Pet.  ii.  24;  iii.  18. 

**  This  way  of  saving  sinners  is  variously  expressed  in  scripture. 
1.  He  offered  himself  a  sacrifice  for  sin  to  God.  Is.  liii.  10;  John 
i.  29;  Ep.  V.  2;  Heb.  ii.  17;  ix.  11—14.  2.  He  redeemed  us  by 
paying  a  price  a  ransom  for  us.  Mark  x.  45;  1  Cor.  vi.  20;  1  Tim. 
ii.  6;  Tit.  ii.  14;  1  Pet.  i.  11,  18.  3.  He  bare  our  sins,  or  the  pun- 
ishment due  to  them.  Is.  hii.  5, 11;  1  Pet.  ii.24.  4.  He  answer- 
ed  the  law  and  the  penalty  of  it.  Rom.  viii.  3;  Gal.  iii.  13;  iv.  4, 
5.  5.  He  died  for  sin  and  sinners,  to  expiate  the  one,  and  in- 
stead of  the  other,  Rom.  iv.  25;  v.  10;  1  Cor.  xv.  3;  2  Cor.  v.  14; 
1  Thes.  v.  9,  10.  6.  The  effect  hereof  was— 1.  That  the  righte- 
ousni'ss  of  God  was  glorified.  Rom.  iii.  25,26.  2.  The  law  ful- 
filled and  satisfied.  Rom.  viii.  3;  Gal.  iii.  13,  14;  iv.  5.  3.  God 
reconciled.  2  Cor.  v.  18,  19;  Heb.  ii.  17.  4  Atonement  was  made 
for  sin,  an  end  made  of  sin,  and  peace  with  God  obtained.  Rom. 
V.  11;  Ep.  ii.  14;  Dan.  ix.  24." 

The  Holy  Spirit. 

Gen.  i.  1,  2;  vi.  3;  xli.  38;  Job.  xxvi.  13;  xxxiii.  4,  with  Mai.  ii 
15;  Exodus  xxxi.  1 — 3;  xxxv.  30 — 35,  compare  Deut.  viii.  18; 
and  Isa.  xxviii  26 — 29;  Numbers  xi.  24 — 26;  sxiv.  1,  2;  xxvii.  18; 
1  Sam.  X.  6,  10;  xi.  6;  xvi.  13,  14;  xix.  18—24;  2  Sam.  xxiii.  2,  3; 
1  Chron.  xii.  18;  xxviii.  12;  2  Chron.  xv.  1;  Nehem.  ix.  20,  30; 
Prov.  i.  20—23;  Ps.  Ii.  11, 12;  civ.  30;  cxxxix.  1—13;  cxhii.  10;  Isa. 
xi.  1,  2  with  Ixi.  1,  compare  Luke  iv.  18, 19;  Is.  xxx.  1;  xxxii.  14, 
15;  xxxiv.  16;  xl.  13;  xlii.  1;  xliv.  3;  xlviii.  16;  lix  21;  Ixi.  1;  Ixiii, 
10,  11,  14,  with  Deut.  xxxii.  12,  and  Ps.  Ixxviii.  17,  18,  xcv. 
7,  8,  and  Heb.  iii.  7,  8;  Jerem.  xxxi.  31 — 34,  compare  Heb.  viii. 
7—13,  ix.  8,  and  x.  15—17;  Ez.  i.  12,  20;  ii.  2;  iii.  12,  14,  24;  viii. 
3;  X.  17;  xi.  1,  2,  5,  24;  xxxvi.  25—7;  xxxvii.  12,  13;  xxxix.  29; 
Dan.  iv.  8;  v.  11, 14;  Hos.  ix.  7;  Joel  ii.  28,  29;  Hag.  ii.  5;  Zech. 
iv.  6;  vii.  12;  xii.  10;  Mai  ii.  15;  Matt.i.  18,  20;  iii- 11,  16;  iv.l;  xii. 
18,  28,  31, 32;  xxii.  43,  with  1  Cor.  xii.  3;  Mat.  xxviii.  19;  Mark  i.  8, 
10, 12;  xii.  36,  compare  2  Sam.  xxiii.  2,  3,  and  1  Chron.  xxviii.  12; 
Mark  xiii.  11;  Luke  i.  15, 35,  41,  67;  ii.  25,  26,  27;  iii.  16,  22;  iv.  1, 
14,  18;  xi.  13;  xii.  10,  12;  xxiv.  49;  John  i.  32,33;  iii.  5,  6,  with  i. 
13;  iii.  8,  34;  vii.  39;  xiv.  16,  17,  26;  xv.  26;  xvi.  7,  8,  13—15;  xx. 
22;  Acts  i.  2,  4, 5, 8, 16;  ii.  4, 18, 27,  33,  38, 39;  iv.  8,  31;  v.  3,  4, 


118 

9, 32;  vi.  5, 5;  vii.  51,  55;  viii.  15,  17,  18,  19,  29,  39;  ix.  17,  31; 
X.  19,  20,  38,  44,  45,  47;  xi.  12, 15,  16,  17,  21,  24;  xiii.  2.  4, 9,  52; 
XV.  8,  28;  xvi.  6,  7;  xvii.  28;  xix.  26;  XX.  23,  28;  xxi.  4,  11; 
xxvlii.  25—7;  Rom.  i.  4;  v.  5;  viii.  1,  2,  4,  5,  9,  10, 11, 13—16,  23, 
26,  27;  ix.  1,  with  Deut  vi.  13,  14;  xiv.  17;  xv.  13,  16,  19,  30; 

1  Cor.ii.4,  5,  9, 17;  vi.  11;  vi.  19,  20,  compare  2  Cor.  vi.  6,  and 
Lev.  xxvi.  11, 12;  1  Cor.  vii.  40;  xi.  4;  xii.  3,  4,  7—9,  11—13;  xiii. 
14;  xiv.  2;  2  Cor.  i.  22;  lii.  3,  with  Heb.  viii.  10;  2  Cor.  iii.  8, 17, 18; 
V.  5;  vi.  6,  16,  with  1  Cor.  vi.  19;  Gal.  iii.  14;  iv.  6,  9;  v.  5,  16— 
18,  22,  25;  vi.  8;  Eph,  i.  13,  17;  ii.  18;  iii.  5,  16;  iv.  3,  4,30;  v- 

9,  18;  vi.  17, 18;  Phil.  i.  19;  ii.  1;  iii.  3;  1  Thes.  i.  5,  6;  iv.  8;  v. 
19;  2  Thes.  ii.  13;  iii.  5,  12,13;  iii.  11;  1  Tim.  iii.  16;  iv.  1, 12; 
2Tim.  i.7,  14;  Titus  iii.  5,  6;  Heb.  ii.  4;  iii.  7,  compare  Exodus 
xvii.  2,  and  Psalm  xcv;  Heb.  vi.  4;  ix.  8,  compare  x.  15,  and  1 
Chron.  xxviii.  12;  Heb.  ix.  14;  x.  15,  29;  1  Peter  i.  2,  11,  12,  22; 

2  Peter  i.  21,  compare  2  Tim.  iii.  16,  and  Heb.  i.  1;  1  John  iii.  18; 
iv.  14;  ii.  20,  27;  iii.  24;  iv.  2,  13;  v.  6;  Jude  19,  20;  Rev.  i.  4, 
10;  ii.  7,  &c.;  iv.  2;  v.  6;  xiv.  13;  xvii.  3;  xix.  10;  xxi.  10;  xxii.  7. 

Trinity. 
Gen.  i.  1 — 500  times  does  Moses  make  use  of  a  plural  name  for 
God;  i.  26,  compare  Job  xxvi.  13,  xxxiii.  4,  Psa.  xxxiii.  6,  Eccl. 
xii.  1,  Isa.  xl.  13,  Mai.  ii.  15,  John  i.  3,  Col.  i.  16,  and  Heb.i.2, 

10,  showing  that  the  plurality  of  persons  here,  and  in  other  pas- 
sages of  Genesis,  expressed,  Indicates  the  Father,  the  Son,  and 
the  Holy  Ghost,  as  all  three  are,  by  these  passages,  represented  as 
engaged  in  the  work  of  creation;  Gen.  iii.  22;  xi.  7;  xix.  24;  in  Gen. 
XX.  13,  XXXV.  7,  and  xxxi.  7,  the  original  translated  God  is  plural, 
and  the  verb  connected  with  it  plural  also;  these  instances  are  a 
few  out  of  a  multitude;  Exod.  xxxiv.  6 — literally  Jehovah,  Jeho- 
rahy  God;  Num.  vi.  24 — 26,  with  2  Cor.  xiii.  14,  Rev.  i.4,  6 —  com- 
pare Num.  vi.  24,  with  Eph.  i.  3 — compare  Num.  vi.  25,  with  Rev. 
xxi.  23;  i.  16;  2  Cor.  iv.  6,  Prov,  xvi.  15,  and  Eph.  il.  7 — com- 
pare Numbers  vi.  26  with  Rom.  xiv.  17;  Deut.  vi.  4 — literally  the 
Lordy  our  God,  the  Lord,  is  one;  Josh.  xxii.  22;  Job  xxxv.  10 — li- 
terally God  my  makers — with  Let  us  ?nake;  Ps.  xxxiii.  6;  xiv.  6,  7; 
1.  l—El,  Elohim,  Jehovah;  ex.  1,  with  Gen.  xix.  24;  Prov.  ix.  10 — 
Holy  Ones;  Prov.  xxx.  31 — Holy  Ones,  xxx.  4;  Eccl.  xii.  1 — Crea- 
Zors— as  Isa.  xliv.  24 — Redeemers;  Is.  vi.  1 — 3 — John  applies  this 
ascription  to  the  Son,  and  Paul  to  the  Holy  Ghost;  vi.  8;  x.  12;  xi. 
1,  2;  xiii.  13,  xxii.  19;  xxxiii.  22;  xxxiv.  16;  xl.  13;  xiii.  1;  xliv. 
6,  compare  Rev.  i  11,  17;  ii.  8,  and  xxii.  13; — xlviii.  16;  liv.  5 — 
Makers;  xlix.  7;  lix  19,  20,  21;  Ixi.  1;  Ixiii.  8—10;  Ixiv.  4;  Jer.  x. 


119 

10;  Dan.  W.  17,  26;  v.  18,  20;  vii.  9;  ix.  17,  with  Ps.  ex.  1;  ix.  19; 
Hos.  16;  xi.  12— literally— /fo/y  Ones,-  Hag.  ii.  5,  7;  Zech.  ii.  10, 
11;  X.  12.  "  The  immateriality  of  the  Divine  Being  is  fundamental 
in  religion,  bat  yet  we  do  not  find  that  it  is  more  than  once  de- 
clared in  the  whole  bible.  If  therefore  the  doctrine  of  the  Sa- 
cred Three  was  revealed  only  Once  clearly,  that  once  would  be 
sufficient  to  establish  it  as  a  truth.'* 

Mat.  i.  20,  21;  iii  9,  11,  16,  17;  x.  20;  xii.  28;  xxviii.  19;  Luke 
i.  15—17,  35,  67—69;  ii.  26,  27,  28;  iii.  22;  iv.  18;  xi.  13;  xxiv.  49; 
John  i.  33,  34;  iii.  5,  34;  xiv.  16,  21,  26;  xv.  26;  xx.  21,  22;  Actsi. 
4,  5,  7,  8;  ii.  32,  33,  38,  39;  iv.  8—10,  31,  33;  v.  30,  32;  vii.  55; 
viii.  14—16,  37,  39;  X.  38,  42,  44;  xi.  16, 17,  23, 24;  xv.  8,  11;  xx. 
27,  28;  xxviii.  23,  25;  Rom.  i.  4,  v.  5,  6;  viii.  3,  4,  9,  11, 16, 17;  xiv. 
17,  18;  XV.  5,  6,  12,  13.  16, 18,  19,  30;  1  Cor.  ii.  2,  4,  5,  8, 10, 14, 
16;  vi.  11, 15, 19;  vii.  39,  40;  xii  3,  4—6;  2  Cor.  i.  21,  22;  iii.  3, 16, 

17,  18;  V.  5,  6;  vi.  15,  16;  xiii.  14;  Gal.  iv.  4 — made  by  Holy  Ghost; 
Iv.  6;  Eph.  i.  17;  ii.  18,  22;  iii.  14,  16,  20,21;  iv.  4— 6,  30,32;  V. 

18,  20;  Col.  ii.  2;  v.  18,  19;  2  Thes.  ii.  13;  iii.  5, 11, 12, 13;  2  Tim. 
i.  7,  8;  Tit.  iii.  4—6;  Heb.  ii.  3,  4;  ix.  14;  1  Peter  i.  2, 19,  21,  22;  iii. 
18;  iv.  14;  2  Peter  i.  16, 17,  21;  1  John  iv.  2, 13,  14;  v.  5,  6;  Jude 
20,  21;  Rev.  i.  4,  5,  9, 10;  ii.  7,  27,  29t  iii.  5,  6, 12, 13, 21,  22;  iv.  8; 
V.  6;xiv.  12,  13;  xxii.  16, 18. 


The  following  are  such  of  the  passages  used  by  Jones  in  his 
little  work  on  the  Catholic  Doctrine  of  a  Trinity,  as  are  not  in- 
cluded in  the  previous  references,  at  least  not  in  the  same  arrange- 
ment. 

Divinity  of  Christ, 

Isaiah  vi.  5  with  John  xii.  41;  Isaiah  xliii.  11  with  2  Pet.  iii.  18; 
Rev.  xxii.  6  with  Rev.  v.  16;  Luke  i.  76,  with  Mat.  xi.  10;  Luke 
i.  16,  17  with  Mat.  iii.  11;  Mat.  xi.  10  with  Mai.  iii.  1;  John 
xxii.  28;  1  Cor.  v.  20;  1  John  v.  20;  Col.  ii.  8,  9;  Is.  ii.  17,  18; 
,Tude  24,  25,  with  Eph.  v.  27;  Eph.  iii.  2,  3,  with  Gal.  i.  12;  1 
Kings  viii,  9  with  Rev.  ii.  23;  ii  Peter  i.  4  with  Heb.  xiii.  14;  Heb. 
vi.  13,  with  Isaiah  xiv.  23;  Heb.  ix.  20,  with  Heb,  v.  16;  Rcv.r. 
9  with  Acts  XX.  28;  Zech.  xii.  4  with  John  xix.  37;  Phil.  i.  10.  with 
2  Pet.  iii.  12. 

Divinity  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 

John  iii.  6,  with  1  John  v.  4;  Acts  xiii.  2  with  Heb.  v.  4;  Mat.  ix. 
38,  with  Acts  xiii.  4;  Luke  ii.  16,  with  Luke  v.  28;  John  xiv.  17, 


ISO 

with  1  Cor.  xiv.  25;  John  vi.  45,  with  1  Cor.  ii.  13;  1  John  iii.  21, 
with  1  John  v.  24;  1  Cor.  iii.  16,  with  1  Cor.  vi.  19;  Mat.  vi.  1, 
with  Luke  xi.  2—4;  2  Cor.  i.  3;  1  Cor.  ii.  11,  with  1  Cor.  vi.  14; 
Deut.  vi.  16  and  Mat.  iv.  7,  with  Acts  v.  9;  Luke  xi.  20  with  Mat. 
xii.  28;  Ezek.  viii.  1—3;  Acts  iv.  24,  25;  Luke  i.  32  and  v.  35;  Is. 
vi.  8  with  xxviii,  26,  27. 

The  plurality  and  Trinity  of  Persons. 

Gen.  i.  26;  iii.  22;  xi.  6,  7;  xx.  13;  xxv.  7;  Deut.  iv.  7;  Dan.  iv. 
26;  v.  18,  with  v.  20;  Ps.  xxxiii.  6;  xlviii.  16;  Is.  xxxiv.  16;  Num. 
iv.  24,  &c.;  Mat.  xxviii.  19;  2  Thes.  iii.  5;  2  Cor.  xiiii.  14;  1  John 
V.  7;  Is.  vi.  3. 

Trinity  in  Unity — 
Is  the  One  Lord — Psalm  xxxiii.  6  with  Isaiah  xliv.  24;  Jeho- 
vah— Deuteronomy  vi.  4  with  Jeremiah  xxiii.  6  and  Ezekiel  viii. 
1,  3;  Romans  x.  12,  with  Luke  ii.  11  and  Rom.  xi.  34;  the  God 
of  Israel — Mat.  xv.  31  with  Luke  i.  16,  17  and  Sam.  xxiii.  2,  3; 
author  of  law — Rom.  vii.  25,  with  Gal.  vi.  2  and  Rom.  viii.  2  and 
also  James  iv.  12;  tempted — Deut.  vi.  16,  with  1  Cor.  v.  9,  and 
Acts  V.  9;  mind — 1  Cor.  ii.  16  with  same  and  Rom.  viii.  27; 
will — 1  Thes.  iv.  3,  with  Acts  xxii.  14  and  2  Pet.  i.  21;  power — 
Eph.  iii.  7,  with  2  Cor.  xii.  9  and  Rom.  xv.  19;  eternal — Rom. 
svi.  25,  26  with  Rev.  xxii.  13,  and  Heb.  ix.  14;  true — John  vii. 
28  with  Rev.  iii.  7,  and  1  John  v.  6;  holy — Rev.  xv.  4,  with  Acts 
iii.  14,  and  1  John  ii.  20  and  also  John  xiv.  26;  omnipresent — 
Jer.  xxiii.  24,  with  Eph.i.  22  and  Psalm  cxxxix.  7,  8;  the  foun- 
tain of  life — Deut.  xxx.  20  with  Col.  iii.  4,  and  Rom.  viii,  10; 
made  all — Psalm  c.3,  with  John  i.  S,  and  Job.  xxxiii.  4;  quick- 
eneth  the  dead — ^John  v.  2,  with  same  and  vi.  63;  teacheth — 
John  vi.  45,  with  Gal.  i.  12,  and  John  xiv.  26;  has  fellowship — 
1  John  i.  3,  with  same  and  2  Cor.  xiii.  14;  spiritually  present — 
1  Cor.  xiv.  25,  with  2  Cor.  xiii.  5  and  John  xiv.  17;  2  Cor.  vi.  16, 
with  Eph.  iii.  17,  and  Rom.  viii.  11;  reveal — Phil.  iii.  15,  with 
Gal.  i.  12  and  Luke  ii.  26;  Heb.  i.  1,  with  2  Cor.  xiii.  3,  and  Mark 
xiii.  11;  raised  the  body  of  Christ — 1  Cor.  vi.  14,  with  John  ii.  19, 
and  1  Peter  iii.  18;  conduct  the  people  of  God — Isaiah  xlviii,  17, 
with  John  x.  3,  and  Rom.  viii.  14;  give  a  commission  and  author- 
ity to  the  ministers  of  the  Gospel — 2  Cor.  iii.  5,  6,  with  1  Tim.  i. 
12  and  Acts  v.  28;  sanctify — Jude  1,  with  Heb.  ii.  11  and  Rom. 
XV.  16;  perform  all  spiritual  and  divine  operations — 1  Cor.  xii. 
16,  with  Col.  iii.  11,  and  1  Cor.  xii.  11. 


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